China Focus: China’s local gov’ts eye “Belt and Road” construction in 2016-2020

BEIJING, Dec. 11 (Xinhua) — Nearly 20 provincial governments in China have rolled out their local development plans for the 13th Five Year Plan period from 2016 to 2020, with their focus on the “Belt and Road” construction, the Shanghai Securities News reported on Friday.

Under their development plans, they attach great importance to infrastructure construction in transportation industry and construction of industrial parks.

 

— Focus on transport infrastructure

Chinese local governments will give priority to transport infrastructure when promoting the “Belt and Road” initiative.

For example, Shaanxi province will be guide by construction of a logistics center to build a seamless transport network in 2016-2020. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region also said in its proposal to the 13th Five Year plan that it will build a convenient and efficient railway network, expressway network, water transport network, airline network and information network with the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) and neighboring provinces.

It is worth noting that in the land transportation field, the China-Europe express railway will play an increasingly important role in “going global” of Chinese goods.

As a core area of the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road, Fujian province plans to build important airline hubs for Southeast Asia and advance construction of a regional port-shipping system and communication network facilities, to smoothly connect the land channel of the Silk Road Economic Belt and form a passage to sea for central and western China’s opening-up.

Jilin province in its 13th Five Year plan noted that it will actively explore the Arctic Ocean ship routes linking the Europe and the U.S.A., steadily operate international rail and water transportation lines linking Japan and South Korea, and further expand its outward transport lines.

Meanwhile, Tianjin will make full use of its unique geographic location advantages to vigorously promote port and maritime strategic cooperation. It will develop cross-border logistics through three land ports, like the Khorgos Port and develop maritime transport through intensive ship routes and shipping flights.

Zhejiang province announced to promote construction of a marine economic development demonstration zone and Zhoushan Islands New Area, and build a port economic circle covering the Yangtze River Delta, influencing the Yangtze River economic belt and serving the “Belt and Road” initiative.

In addition, Gansu province decided to invest more than 800 billion yuan from this year to build more than 70,000 km of roads and railways in six years.

 

— Efforts in industrial park construction

Industrial park construction is also a focus in the 13th Five Year plans of the provinces.

Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region said that it will accelerate construction of core areas in the Silk Road Economic Belt, develop high-level open economy, and quicken the pace to build the Kashgar and Khorgos economic development zones and comprehensive bonded zones.

Because of the “Belt and Road” initiative, ALaShankou has invested a lot in infrastructure, promoting rapid development of its comprehensive bonded zone, said Pan Zeming, deputy director of the ALaShankou Comprehensive Bonded Zone.

In its 13th Five Year plan, Fujian province made it clear to promote construction of important commodity export bases, commodity markets and commerce and trade parks and explore mutual establishment of industrial parks with Southeast Asian countries.

Chongqing municipality pointed out that it will actively participate in construction of overseas industrial agglomerations and economic and trade cooperation zones.

Shaanxi province said it will encourage and support competent enterprises to go abroad for transnational operation and strategic acquisitions and build Shaanxi industrial parks overseas especially in Central Asia and Africa. Meanwhile, it will also build economic cooperation zones and high-tech industrial parks to attract investments of the transnational companies and globally leading enterprises and persuade them to build regional headquarters and branches in Shaanxi.

“Industrial park is an important method for “going global” of Chinese enterprises. It is a new form for Chinese enterprises to build “Belt and Road” and also a way to change simple cargo transportation”, said Hu Zheng, chief representative of the Central Asia Representative Office of the China Merchants Group.

Since the beginning of the year, China has quickened its pace of building industrial parks along the “Belt and Road” countries.

Data of the Ministry of Commerce shows that so far, China has already built 118 economic and trade cooperation zones in 50 countries, of which 77 zones are located in 23 countries along the “Belt and Road”. Enditem

 

 

 

Xinhua Insight: China to start reform focused on quality of life

 BEIJING, Dec. 11 (Xinhua) — With China’s 13th Five-year Plan beginning next year, the focus of reform will start with addressing the quality of ordinary people’s lives.

At the latest meeting of the central leading group for comprehensively deepening reform on Wednesday, the leadership decided to implement the five development ideas put forward at the plenary session of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee in late October: innovation, coordination, sharing, environmental protection and openness.

At the beginning of the 13th Five-year Plan, efforts need to be “focused on building a moderately prosperous society,” said a statement issued after Wednesday’s meeting.

The group approved several reform measures, one of which is that unregistered citizens are to be given household registration permits known as “hukou,” a crucial document entitling them to social welfare.

China has around 13 million unregistered people, one percent of the entire population. They include orphans and second children born illegally during the period of strict enforcement of the one-child policy, the homeless and those who have yet to apply for one or who have simply lost theirs. Those parents who violated family planning policy often refrained from getting hukou for their children to avoid fines.0   “It is a basic legal right for Chinese citizens to register for hukou. It is also a premise for participation in social affairs, to enjoy rights and fulfill duties,” the statement said.

Wan Haiyuan with an institute of macro-economics of the National Development and Reform Commission said the difficulty lies not in hukou itself, but in related matters such as healthcare, health insurance and education.

In China, various social benefits such as medical insurance and access to basic education are based on this permit and are supposed to be in line with long-term places of work and residence.

Many people without household registration have moved to cities and become tramps. According to Wan, their birth certificates might have been lost and authorities must address this issue. Those who have come to China to seek asylum should also be taken into consideration, as they are permanent residents, despite their lack of Chinese nationality.

Education is also central to plans for the next five years, said Zhang Li, director of the Ministry of Education’s development center. The reform meeting statement declared that education should advance innovation-driven development and serve the objectives of the Belt and Road Initiative.

Zhang added the statement showed that opening up in education should take the concepts and experience of developed countries as reference.

The meeting decided to integrate basic medical insurance for urban employees and the new rural cooperative medical scheme, creating a unified basic health insurance system.

Currently China has three separate medical insurance schemes — basic medical insurance for urban employees; the new rural cooperative medical scheme; and basic medical insurance for city dwellers not covered by the first two schemes, mainly the young or unemployed.

The three schemes have been perceived as unequal for a long time, as the benefits in urban areas are much greater than those in rural parts of the country.

“Even members in one family may have different health insurance,” said Meng Qingyue, a professor in health economics with the Peking University. “The integration of different medical insurance schemes is a must for achieving equal access to basic health care for every one.”

Another measure is the reform of government’s “power list.” Since the 18th National Congress of the CPC in late 2012, administrative powers have been streamlined and delegated, with hundreds of items abandoned.

Ma Qingyu of the Chinese Academy of Governance said the power and responsibility list system can clarify responsibilities of different departments and prevent them from shirking their responsibilities or taking responsibilities that are not rightfully theirs.

“It will make the border between public powers and private rights more clear,” said Ma. Enditem

 

 

 

China likely to roll out de-stocking measures for property sector

BEIJING, Dec. 8 (Greenpost) — It is expected that during an upcoming key economic meeting Chinese officials will introduce measures to cut housing inventories.

De-stocking the property market will likely be discussed at the upcoming Central Economic Working Conference, which sets economic targets for the coming year, a source told China Business News.

The measures are not expected to boost the real estate market nor set quantitative de-stocking targets for specific regions.

“The most important thing is to reactivate the property sector to help with its liquidity,” the source said.

The housing market experienced a downturn in 2014 due to weak demand and a supply glut. This continued into 2015, with both sales and prices falling, and investment slowing.

According to data from the National Bureau of Statistics, the unsold home inventory hit a record 686.3 million square meters by the end of October, up 17.8 percent from the previous year.

Officials have already showed resolve to address the country’s housing woes. Destocking the property market will be one of the government’s main tasks, President Xi Jinping told a meeting of the Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Affairs in November.

Premier Li Keqiang also told a cabinet meeting that the government should overhaul China’s household registration system to encourage more rural residents to settle in cities and boost house sales.

Besides existing stimulus measures such as cutting interest rates and easing deposit requirements, measures such as transforming commercial housing into affordable housing are also expected next year, the source said. Enditem

 

China should optimize investment structure in energy sector in 2016-2020, expert

BEIJING, Dec. 8 (Greenpost) — China should accelerate construction to raise the weight of clean energy like natural gas, nuclear power, hydropower, wind power and solar energy during the 13th Five-year Plan period (2016-2020), according to an article by Zhou Dadi, a senior researcher at Energy Research Institute under the National Development and Reform Commission, carried on Shanghai Securities News on Tuesday.

Zhou said that energy investment structure of the country should be optimized under state-level planning, industrial self-discipline construction and regional arrangement. China should reduce coal mining and construction of coal-fired power plants and develop low carbon energy instead of high carbon energy, the expert noted.

Source Xinhua,  Editor  Xuefei Chen Axelsson

 

 

 

Super cell for electric car to realize mass production before year end

BEIJING, Dec. 8 (Greenpost) – The high energy nickel carbon super cell for electric car is expected to realise mass production before the end of this year.

The super cell, developed by Zhongke Taineng Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd, can be charged and discharged for more than 5,000 times with each charging fulfilling the energy demand for 200-300 kilometers’ driving.

The super cell has been used safely and worked steadily for three years and nine months in buses of three lines in Zibo in Shandong province. Enditem

Source  Xinhua,  Editor  Xuefei Chen Axelsson

China removes over 1 million high-emission vehicles from roads

 

BEIJING, Dec. 9 (Xinhua) — China removed 1.17 million high-emission vehicles from roads nationwide in the first 11 months of this year, the Ministry of Environmental Protection announced on Wednesday.

The figures showed that almost all high-emission commercial vehicles registered before the end of 2005 had been pulled from the roads, a target set in March, according to the ministry.

To accelerate the removal of targeted vehicles, the ministry has filed monthly reports briefing the public on the latest developments in each provincial region since July. Enditem

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

屠呦呦引用《登鹳鹊楼》-王之涣英文欣赏

北欧绿色邮报网--中国著名医药学家诺奖得主屠呦呦12月7日在她的诺贝尔演讲中以唐代著名诗人王之涣的诗篇《登鹳雀楼》结尾,号召大家要更上一层楼。同一首诗,不同人有不同的翻译。下面请欣赏诺奖版本。

2012451333614489074_153

On the stork tower1

The sun along the mountain bows;

The Yellow River seawards flows;

You will enjoy a grander sight,

By climbing to a greater height.

对比Google 的直译版本

登鸛雀樓Dēng Guànquè Lóu[ascend] [stork] [sparrow] [tower]Climbing White Stork Tower

白日依山盡,Bái rì yī shān jìn,[white] [sun] [on] [mountain] [finish]The white sun sets behind the mountains,

黃河入海流;Huánghé rù hǎiliú;[Yellow] [River] [enter] [sea] [flow]and the Yellow River flows into the sea.

欲窮千里目,yù qióng qiānlǐ mù,[want] [furthest] [thousand] [mile] [eye]To see a thousand mile view,

更上一層樓。gèng shàng yì céng lóu.[more] [ascend] [one] [floor] [tower]go up another floor.

鄙人版本

Climbing on Stork Tower

Wang Zhihuan

The sun sets alongside the mountains,

The Yellow River flows towards the sea.

You like to  see much farther,

You have to climb up  higher.

笔者以为还是诺奖版本翻译得好,简练,意译,有诗意。

 

 

China dismisses concerns about RMB exchange rate fluctuation

BEIJING, Dec. 10 (Xinhua) — Current fluctuations of the renminbi (RMB) exchange rate should not be seen as a sign of devaluation, China’s foreign exchange regulator said Thursday.

The market is insufficiently tolerant of RMB exchange rate fluctuations, Wang Chunying, an official of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange (SAFE), told a press conference.

Wang said more consideration should be taken of the RMB multilateral exchange rate against a basket of currencies and its long-term trend.

The central parity rate of the RMB, or the yuan, weakened by 96 basis points to 6.4236 against the U.S. dollar on Thursday, the lowest in four years, according to the China Foreign Exchange Trading System.

This volatility is the expected result of RMB interest rate marketization, which reflects both domestic demand and supply and changes in the global financial market, said Wang Yungui, another SAFE official. He added that given China’s stable economic and market fundamentals, there is no basis for the yuan’s long-term depreciation.

China is capable of keeping the yuan exchange rate at a “reasonable” level and sees no need for continued depreciation, the People’s Bank of China (PBOC) Vice Governor Yi Gang said earlier this month. Enditem

 

China FDI inflow rises 1.9 pct in November

   BEIJING, Dec. 11 (Greenpost) — Foreign direct investment (FDI) into the Chinese mainland rose 1.9 percent year on year to 64.9 billion yuan (10.4 billion U.S. dollars) in November, the Ministry of Commerce said Friday.

The growth slowed from a 4.2-percent rise in October.

For the first 11 months, FDI, which excludes investment in the financial sector, stood at 704.3 billion yuan, up 7.9 percent from the same period last year.

Foreign investment in the service industry rose 18.8 percent, with the high-tech service sector seeing a jump of 51.7 percent to 7.23 billion U.S. dollars.

High-tech manufacturing attracted 8.54 billion U.S. dollars of foreign investment during the January-November period, up 11.7 percent and accounting for 23.8 percent of total foreign investment in manufacturing.

Investment from the ASEAN, European Union, Hong Kong, and Macao continued to grow fast, while that from Japan, the United States and Taiwan dropped significantly.

The ministry also noted that more foreign firms invested in China through mergers and acquisitions, which accounted for 14.7 percent of the total FDI in January-October, up from 5.6 percent in the same period last year. Enditem

 

Source Xinhua           Editor Xuefei Chen Axelsson

 

China pilots RMB convertibility on capital account in FTZs

BEIJING, Dec. 11 (Greenpost) — China has approved RMB convertibility on the capital account within 10 million U.S. dollars for the Tianjin, Guangdong and Fujian free trade zones (FTZs), the central bank said on Friday.

This is a significant step by China to open up its capital accounts. China allowed RMB convertibility on trade accounts nearly two decades ago, but almost all capital account transactions on the mainland are under varying degrees of control.

The move also came less than two weeks after the RMB was admitted by the International Monetary Fund into its Special Drawing Rights basket alongside the dollar, euro, pound sterling and yen on Nov. 30.

For each domestic institution outside of the negative list, the cap was set separately for both the cross-border revenue and the expenditure on yearly basis, the People’s Bank of China said in guidelines issued Friday.

The central bank supports FTZs to promote cross-border use of the yuan.

The guidelines encourage banks in the FTZs to deal with transactions between RMB and foreign exchange derivatives.

Cross-border RMB investment funds are welcomed in Fujian FTZ, while cross-border RMB transactions between non-banking financial institutions and the Hong Kong and Macao regions are permitted in Guangdong FTZ.

The guidelines also support institutional investors in Hong Kong and Macao to launch qualified domestic limited partnerships (QDLP) in Guangdong FTZ, raising RMB capital in the zone to invest in the Hong Kong capital market. Enditem

Source Xinhua ,  Editor Xuefei Chen Axelsson

 

Artist Olafur Eliasson’s art: Your Star

By Xuefei Chen Axelsson

STOCKHOLM, Dec. 16(Greenpost)– A bright new star that Artist Olafur Eliasson lighted up during the Nobel Week  is actually a green star because it uses solar energy and uses little energy.

Your Star is a public artwork by DanishIcelandic artist Olafur Eliasson that celebrates groundbreaking scientific and literary achievements and the importance of new ideas generated by all of us in our everyday lives, according to Nobel Media.

Commissioned by Nobel Media, Your Star consists of a bright LED light integrated into a specially designed spherical casing that will be visible in the sky above Stockholm City Hall, the site of the Nobel Banquet.

The star is powered by solar energy that was collected during the long days of midsummer and stored in a battery.

A weather-dependent work, the star will first rise once the wind and rain of storm Helga have passed, and it will shine every night for the next week, from around 10:30 p.m. until 6 a.m., bringing a trace of the previous summer into the winter night.

Olafur Eliasson says: “Your Star shines old light. It makes the past present and illuminates a path for the future. The star lights up the Stockholm sky in celebration of the new knowledge, thoughts, and words of this year’s Nobel laureates.

But it is not only the past achievements of the award recipients that will lead to positive new steps for the future; Your Star is equally about the everyday inspiration and dreams that we should all nourish.

It encourages us to turn our dreams and hopes into potential for new ideas. It is a dream machine.” Eliasson envisages Your Star offering a subtle element of surprise and inspiration that cuts through the pragmatics of everyday life in the city.

For the nights that it shines over Stockholm, the star will become a point of connection around which to gather, discuss, and reflect.

click the link, you will see the artificial universe and your star.

http://www.olafureliasson.net/yourstar/

特教老师徐明:为视障学生争取平等机会

北欧绿色邮报网报道(编辑陈雪霏)--今年37岁的徐明是长春大学特殊教育学院视障资源中心的一名教师。

лªÉçÕÕƬ£¬³¤´º£¬2015Äê12ÔÂ2ÈÕ     ÌؽÌÀÏʦÐìÃ÷£ºÎªÊÓÕÏѧÉúÕùȡƽµÈ»ú»á     12ÔÂ1ÈÕ£¬ÐìÃ÷½èÖú·Å´ó¾µÔĶÁÎÄÕ¡£     ½ñÄê37ËêµÄÐìÃ÷Êdz¤´º´óѧÌØÊâ½ÌÓýѧԺÊÓÕÏ×ÊÔ´ÖÐÐĵÄÒ»Ãû½Ìʦ¡£Á½Ëêʱ£¬ËýÒò»¼ÂéÕî¸ßÉÕÖÂË«Ä¿ÑÏÖØÊÜË𣬽ö´æ΢ÈõÊÓÁ¦¡£2003Äê±ÏÒµºóÁôУͶÉíÌØÊâ½ÌÓý¹¤×÷¡£Í¬ÎªÊÓÕÏÕߣ¬ÐìÃ÷Éî֪ȫÄɽÌÓý¶ÔÓÚäÈË´óѧÉúµÄÒâÒåËùÔÚ¡£ÐìÃ÷˵£¬Ëý1998ÄêÉÏѧʱ£¬Ö»ÓÐÍÆÄúÍÒôÀÖÁ½ÖÖÑ¡Ôñ¡£Èòм²ÈËÄܹ»Ñ§µ½×Ô¼ºÏ²»¶µÄרҵ£¬Í¬½¡È«È˹²Í¬Ñ§Ï°£¬ÕâÔøÊÇÐìÃ÷ѧÉúʱ´úµÄÃÎÏ룬¶ø½ñËýÒªÈÃÕâ¸öÃÎÏëÔÚËýѧÉúµÄÉíÉϳÉΪÏÖʵ¡£     ÐìÃ÷¿Ë·þÖÖÖÖÀ§ÄÑ£¬ÎªÊÓÕÏ´óѧÉúÖÆ×÷Ó¢Óï¡¢ÌØÊâ½ÌÓýµÈרҵ½Ì²ÄºÍäÎÄÊÔ¾í¡£2005Ä꣬ÔÚËýÖÆ×÷µÄ½Ì²ÄÖ§³ÅÏ£¬Ã¤ÈË´óѧÉúÈ«ÄɽÌÓýÔÚ³¤´º´óѧʵʩ¡£10ÓàÄê¼ä£¬ÐìÃ÷ÖÆ×÷äÎĽ̲Ľü°Ù²á£¬ÖÆ×÷äÎÄÊÔ¾íÍòÓà·Ý£¬Ð£·½Ò²ÎªËý¸üÐÂÁ˸ü¿ì½Ý±ãÀûµÄäÎÄ´òÓ¡»ú¡¢Ã¤ÎÄ´¥µãÒǵȸ¨ÖúÉ豸¡£     ÐìÃ÷˵£º¡°ÎÒÏëδÀ´ÓÐÒ»Ì죬äÈËѧÉúÒ»¶¨ÄÜÍêÈ«ÈÚÈë¸ßµÈ½ÌÓýÖÐÈ¥£¬Äܹ»Ñ§µ½¸ü¶à֪ʶ£¬ÕÆÎÕ¸ü¶à¼¼ÄÜ£¬ÓµÓиüÃÀºÃµÄÉú»î¡£ÎÒ»áºÍÎÒµÄͬÊÂÃÇÒ»µÀŬÁ¦£¬¸øäÈËѧÉúÌṩ¸ü¶àµÄÖ§³ÅºÍ°ïÖú£¬ÎªËûÃÇÕùȡƽµÈ×·ÃεĻú»á¡£¡±     лªÉç¼ÇÕßÐí³©Éã两岁时,她因患麻疹高烧致双目严重受损,仅存微弱视力。2003年毕业后留校投身特殊教育工作。同为视障者,徐明深知全纳教育对于盲人大学生的意义所在。徐明说,她1998年上学时,只有推拿和音乐两种选择。

лªÉçÕÕƬ£¬³¤´º£¬2015Äê12ÔÂ2ÈÕ     ÌؽÌÀÏʦÐìÃ÷£ºÎªÊÓÕÏѧÉúÕùȡƽµÈ»ú»á     12ÔÂ1ÈÕ£¬ÐìÃ÷ͨ¹ýäÎÄ´òÓ¡»ú´òӡäÎĽ̲ġ£     ½ñÄê37ËêµÄÐìÃ÷Êdz¤´º´óѧÌØÊâ½ÌÓýѧԺÊÓÕÏ×ÊÔ´ÖÐÐĵÄÒ»Ãû½Ìʦ¡£Á½Ëêʱ£¬ËýÒò»¼ÂéÕî¸ßÉÕÖÂË«Ä¿ÑÏÖØÊÜË𣬽ö´æ΢ÈõÊÓÁ¦¡£2003Äê±ÏÒµºóÁôУͶÉíÌØÊâ½ÌÓý¹¤×÷¡£Í¬ÎªÊÓÕÏÕߣ¬ÐìÃ÷Éî֪ȫÄɽÌÓý¶ÔÓÚäÈË´óѧÉúµÄÒâÒåËùÔÚ¡£ÐìÃ÷˵£¬Ëý1998ÄêÉÏѧʱ£¬Ö»ÓÐÍÆÄúÍÒôÀÖÁ½ÖÖÑ¡Ôñ¡£Èòм²ÈËÄܹ»Ñ§µ½×Ô¼ºÏ²»¶µÄרҵ£¬Í¬½¡È«È˹²Í¬Ñ§Ï°£¬ÕâÔøÊÇÐìÃ÷ѧÉúʱ´úµÄÃÎÏ룬¶ø½ñËýÒªÈÃÕâ¸öÃÎÏëÔÚËýѧÉúµÄÉíÉϳÉΪÏÖʵ¡£     ÐìÃ÷¿Ë·þÖÖÖÖÀ§ÄÑ£¬ÎªÊÓÕÏ´óѧÉúÖÆ×÷Ó¢Óï¡¢ÌØÊâ½ÌÓýµÈרҵ½Ì²ÄºÍäÎÄÊÔ¾í¡£2005Ä꣬ÔÚËýÖÆ×÷µÄ½Ì²ÄÖ§³ÅÏ£¬Ã¤ÈË´óѧÉúÈ«ÄɽÌÓýÔÚ³¤´º´óѧʵʩ¡£10ÓàÄê¼ä£¬ÐìÃ÷ÖÆ×÷äÎĽ̲Ľü°Ù²á£¬ÖÆ×÷äÎÄÊÔ¾íÍòÓà·Ý£¬Ð£·½Ò²ÎªËý¸üÐÂÁ˸ü¿ì½Ý±ãÀûµÄäÎÄ´òÓ¡»ú¡¢Ã¤ÎÄ´¥µãÒǵȸ¨ÖúÉ豸¡£     ÐìÃ÷˵£º¡°ÎÒÏëδÀ´ÓÐÒ»Ì죬äÈËѧÉúÒ»¶¨ÄÜÍêÈ«ÈÚÈë¸ßµÈ½ÌÓýÖÐÈ¥£¬Äܹ»Ñ§µ½¸ü¶à֪ʶ£¬ÕÆÎÕ¸ü¶à¼¼ÄÜ£¬ÓµÓиüÃÀºÃµÄÉú»î¡£ÎÒ»áºÍÎÒµÄͬÊÂÃÇÒ»µÀŬÁ¦£¬¸øäÈËѧÉúÌṩ¸ü¶àµÄÖ§³ÅºÍ°ïÖú£¬ÎªËûÃÇÕùȡƽµÈ×·ÃεĻú»á¡£¡±     лªÉç¼ÇÕßÐí³©Éã让残疾人能够学到自己喜欢的专业,同健全人共同学习,这曾是徐明学生时代的梦想,而今她要让这个梦想在她学生的身上成为现实。

лªÉçÕÕƬ£¬³¤´º£¬2015Äê12ÔÂ2ÈÕ     ÌؽÌÀÏʦÐìÃ÷£ºÎªÊÓÕÏѧÉúÕùȡƽµÈ»ú»á     12ÔÂ1ÈÕ£¬ÐìÃ÷ÓÃÊÖ¡°ÔĶÁ¡±´òÓ¡³öµÄäÎĽ̲ģ¬¼ì²éÄÚÈÝÊÇ·ñ´æÔÚ²î´í¡£     ½ñÄê37ËêµÄÐìÃ÷Êdz¤´º´óѧÌØÊâ½ÌÓýѧԺÊÓÕÏ×ÊÔ´ÖÐÐĵÄÒ»Ãû½Ìʦ¡£Á½Ëêʱ£¬ËýÒò»¼ÂéÕî¸ßÉÕÖÂË«Ä¿ÑÏÖØÊÜË𣬽ö´æ΢ÈõÊÓÁ¦¡£2003Äê±ÏÒµºóÁôУͶÉíÌØÊâ½ÌÓý¹¤×÷¡£Í¬ÎªÊÓÕÏÕߣ¬ÐìÃ÷Éî֪ȫÄɽÌÓý¶ÔÓÚäÈË´óѧÉúµÄÒâÒåËùÔÚ¡£ÐìÃ÷˵£¬Ëý1998ÄêÉÏѧʱ£¬Ö»ÓÐÍÆÄúÍÒôÀÖÁ½ÖÖÑ¡Ôñ¡£Èòм²ÈËÄܹ»Ñ§µ½×Ô¼ºÏ²»¶µÄרҵ£¬Í¬½¡È«È˹²Í¬Ñ§Ï°£¬ÕâÔøÊÇÐìÃ÷ѧÉúʱ´úµÄÃÎÏ룬¶ø½ñËýÒªÈÃÕâ¸öÃÎÏëÔÚËýѧÉúµÄÉíÉϳÉΪÏÖʵ¡£     ÐìÃ÷¿Ë·þÖÖÖÖÀ§ÄÑ£¬ÎªÊÓÕÏ´óѧÉúÖÆ×÷Ó¢Óï¡¢ÌØÊâ½ÌÓýµÈרҵ½Ì²ÄºÍäÎÄÊÔ¾í¡£2005Ä꣬ÔÚËýÖÆ×÷µÄ½Ì²ÄÖ§³ÅÏ£¬Ã¤ÈË´óѧÉúÈ«ÄɽÌÓýÔÚ³¤´º´óѧʵʩ¡£10ÓàÄê¼ä£¬ÐìÃ÷ÖÆ×÷äÎĽ̲Ľü°Ù²á£¬ÖÆ×÷äÎÄÊÔ¾íÍòÓà·Ý£¬Ð£·½Ò²ÎªËý¸üÐÂÁ˸ü¿ì½Ý±ãÀûµÄäÎÄ´òÓ¡»ú¡¢Ã¤ÎÄ´¥µãÒǵȸ¨ÖúÉ豸¡£     ÐìÃ÷˵£º¡°ÎÒÏëδÀ´ÓÐÒ»Ì죬äÈËѧÉúÒ»¶¨ÄÜÍêÈ«ÈÚÈë¸ßµÈ½ÌÓýÖÐÈ¥£¬Äܹ»Ñ§µ½¸ü¶à֪ʶ£¬ÕÆÎÕ¸ü¶à¼¼ÄÜ£¬ÓµÓиüÃÀºÃµÄÉú»î¡£ÎÒ»áºÍÎÒµÄͬÊÂÃÇÒ»µÀŬÁ¦£¬¸øäÈËѧÉúÌṩ¸ü¶àµÄÖ§³ÅºÍ°ïÖú£¬ÎªËûÃÇÕùȡƽµÈ×·ÃεĻú»á¡£¡±     лªÉç¼ÇÕßÐí³©Éã12月1日,徐明用盲文笔将她所翻译的一份盲文试卷扎在牛皮纸上。

лªÉçÕÕƬ£¬³¤´º£¬2015Äê12ÔÂ2ÈÕ     ÌؽÌÀÏʦÐìÃ÷£ºÎªÊÓÕÏѧÉúÕùȡƽµÈ»ú»á     12ÔÂ1ÈÕ£¬ÐìÃ÷¡°Å¿¡±ÔÚµçÄÔÇ°½øÐÐäÎĽ̲ķ­Ò빤×÷¡£     ½ñÄê37ËêµÄÐìÃ÷Êdz¤´º´óѧÌØÊâ½ÌÓýѧԺÊÓÕÏ×ÊÔ´ÖÐÐĵÄÒ»Ãû½Ìʦ¡£Á½Ëêʱ£¬ËýÒò»¼ÂéÕî¸ßÉÕÖÂË«Ä¿ÑÏÖØÊÜË𣬽ö´æ΢ÈõÊÓÁ¦¡£2003Äê±ÏÒµºóÁôУͶÉíÌØÊâ½ÌÓý¹¤×÷¡£Í¬ÎªÊÓÕÏÕߣ¬ÐìÃ÷Éî֪ȫÄɽÌÓý¶ÔÓÚäÈË´óѧÉúµÄÒâÒåËùÔÚ¡£ÐìÃ÷˵£¬Ëý1998ÄêÉÏѧʱ£¬Ö»ÓÐÍÆÄúÍÒôÀÖÁ½ÖÖÑ¡Ôñ¡£Èòм²ÈËÄܹ»Ñ§µ½×Ô¼ºÏ²»¶µÄרҵ£¬Í¬½¡È«È˹²Í¬Ñ§Ï°£¬ÕâÔøÊÇÐìÃ÷ѧÉúʱ´úµÄÃÎÏ룬¶ø½ñËýÒªÈÃÕâ¸öÃÎÏëÔÚËýѧÉúµÄÉíÉϳÉΪÏÖʵ¡£     ÐìÃ÷¿Ë·þÖÖÖÖÀ§ÄÑ£¬ÎªÊÓÕÏ´óѧÉúÖÆ×÷Ó¢Óï¡¢ÌØÊâ½ÌÓýµÈרҵ½Ì²ÄºÍäÎÄÊÔ¾í¡£2005Ä꣬ÔÚËýÖÆ×÷µÄ½Ì²ÄÖ§³ÅÏ£¬Ã¤ÈË´óѧÉúÈ«ÄɽÌÓýÔÚ³¤´º´óѧʵʩ¡£10ÓàÄê¼ä£¬ÐìÃ÷ÖÆ×÷äÎĽ̲Ľü°Ù²á£¬ÖÆ×÷äÎÄÊÔ¾íÍòÓà·Ý£¬Ð£·½Ò²ÎªËý¸üÐÂÁ˸ü¿ì½Ý±ãÀûµÄäÎÄ´òÓ¡»ú¡¢Ã¤ÎÄ´¥µãÒǵȸ¨ÖúÉ豸¡£     ÐìÃ÷˵£º¡°ÎÒÏëδÀ´ÓÐÒ»Ì죬äÈËѧÉúÒ»¶¨ÄÜÍêÈ«ÈÚÈë¸ßµÈ½ÌÓýÖÐÈ¥£¬Äܹ»Ñ§µ½¸ü¶à֪ʶ£¬ÕÆÎÕ¸ü¶à¼¼ÄÜ£¬ÓµÓиüÃÀºÃµÄÉú»î¡£ÎÒ»áºÍÎÒµÄͬÊÂÃÇÒ»µÀŬÁ¦£¬¸øäÈËѧÉúÌṩ¸ü¶àµÄÖ§³ÅºÍ°ïÖú£¬ÎªËûÃÇÕùȡƽµÈ×·ÃεĻú»á¡£¡±     лªÉç¼ÇÕßÐí³©Éã
徐明克服种种困难,为视障大学生制作英语、特殊教育等专业教材和盲文试卷。2005年,在她制作的教材支撑下,盲人大学生全纳教育在长春大学实施。10余年间,徐明制作盲文教材近百册,制作盲文试卷万余份,校方也为她更新了更快捷便利的盲文打印机、盲文触点仪等辅助设备。

лªÉçÕÕƬ£¬³¤´º£¬2015Äê12ÔÂ2ÈÕ     ÌؽÌÀÏʦÐìÃ÷£ºÎªÊÓÕÏѧÉúÕùȡƽµÈ»ú»á     12ÔÂ1ÈÕ£¬ÐìÃ÷ÓÃäÎıʽ«ËýËù·­ÒëµÄÒ»·ÝäÎÄÊÔ¾íÔúÔÚţƤֽÉÏ¡£     ½ñÄê37ËêµÄÐìÃ÷Êdz¤´º´óѧÌØÊâ½ÌÓýѧԺÊÓÕÏ×ÊÔ´ÖÐÐĵÄÒ»Ãû½Ìʦ¡£Á½Ëêʱ£¬ËýÒò»¼ÂéÕî¸ßÉÕÖÂË«Ä¿ÑÏÖØÊÜË𣬽ö´æ΢ÈõÊÓÁ¦¡£2003Äê±ÏÒµºóÁôУͶÉíÌØÊâ½ÌÓý¹¤×÷¡£Í¬ÎªÊÓÕÏÕߣ¬ÐìÃ÷Éî֪ȫÄɽÌÓý¶ÔÓÚäÈË´óѧÉúµÄÒâÒåËùÔÚ¡£ÐìÃ÷˵£¬Ëý1998ÄêÉÏѧʱ£¬Ö»ÓÐÍÆÄúÍÒôÀÖÁ½ÖÖÑ¡Ôñ¡£Èòм²ÈËÄܹ»Ñ§µ½×Ô¼ºÏ²»¶µÄרҵ£¬Í¬½¡È«È˹²Í¬Ñ§Ï°£¬ÕâÔøÊÇÐìÃ÷ѧÉúʱ´úµÄÃÎÏ룬¶ø½ñËýÒªÈÃÕâ¸öÃÎÏëÔÚËýѧÉúµÄÉíÉϳÉΪÏÖʵ¡£     ÐìÃ÷¿Ë·þÖÖÖÖÀ§ÄÑ£¬ÎªÊÓÕÏ´óѧÉúÖÆ×÷Ó¢Óï¡¢ÌØÊâ½ÌÓýµÈרҵ½Ì²ÄºÍäÎÄÊÔ¾í¡£2005Ä꣬ÔÚËýÖÆ×÷µÄ½Ì²ÄÖ§³ÅÏ£¬Ã¤ÈË´óѧÉúÈ«ÄɽÌÓýÔÚ³¤´º´óѧʵʩ¡£10ÓàÄê¼ä£¬ÐìÃ÷ÖÆ×÷äÎĽ̲Ľü°Ù²á£¬ÖÆ×÷äÎÄÊÔ¾íÍòÓà·Ý£¬Ð£·½Ò²ÎªËý¸üÐÂÁ˸ü¿ì½Ý±ãÀûµÄäÎÄ´òÓ¡»ú¡¢Ã¤ÎÄ´¥µãÒǵȸ¨ÖúÉ豸¡£     ÐìÃ÷˵£º¡°ÎÒÏëδÀ´ÓÐÒ»Ì죬äÈËѧÉúÒ»¶¨ÄÜÍêÈ«ÈÚÈë¸ßµÈ½ÌÓýÖÐÈ¥£¬Äܹ»Ñ§µ½¸ü¶à֪ʶ£¬ÕÆÎÕ¸ü¶à¼¼ÄÜ£¬ÓµÓиüÃÀºÃµÄÉú»î¡£ÎÒ»áºÍÎÒµÄͬÊÂÃÇÒ»µÀŬÁ¦£¬¸øäÈËѧÉúÌṩ¸ü¶àµÄÖ§³ÅºÍ°ïÖú£¬ÎªËûÃÇÕùȡƽµÈ×·ÃεĻú»á¡£¡±     лªÉç¼ÇÕßÐí³©Éã
徐明说:“我想未来有一天,盲人学生一定能完全融入高等教育中去,能够学到更多知识,掌握更多技能,拥有更美好的生活。我会和我的同事们一道努力,给盲人学生提供更多的支撑和帮助,为他们争取平等追梦的机会。”
图文/新华社记者许畅

 

屠呦呦获得诺贝尔奖 瑞典华人华侨纷纷庆典

北欧绿色邮报网报道(记者陈雪霏)--12 月10 日,瑞典诺贝尔颁奖典礼进行之日,正当人们准备诺贝尔晚宴的时候,受中国诺奖得主屠呦呦教授获奖的鼓舞,瑞典华侨华人纷纷借机搞活动。

 

IMG_6871 据北欧科技中国瑞典中心(简称“北科”) 供稿,他们就是在这喜庆的日子里,举行了3周年纪念庆典!

几乎和诺贝尔晚宴同步,10号晚上,北科庆典在牡丹饭店开始。现场横幅挂着”北欧中国科技瑞典中心三周年庆典”竖联写着”建中瑞科技交流桥梁”,”结世界科技前沿硕果”。

IMG_6883 (1)北科高颖舒秘书长首先致词说,” 屠呦呦作为中国医学科学家今年被评选上诺贝尔奖不仅使中国人自豪,也是我们华人的骄傲!” 她强调” 这次的庆祝会不仅是庆祝北欧中国科技的发展,而且也是为了介绍更多的对科技感兴趣朋友相互认识,大家相互交流,互相探讨项目合作。希望大家在交流的过程中能够碰触出创新的火花。其实我们搞科技的人员都有一个很深的体会,很多的创新是灵感的火花,是你的平时知识积累的结晶。”

她希望大家在这里畅所欲言,“把平时积累的知识和灵感在这里发挥出来!能够找到志同道合的合作伙伴”。

高秘书长特意感谢了知名书法家唐新江从北京写来的题词。题词是她去年从张曼新主席的办公室拿到的。去年,高颖舒秘书长特意拜访了知名华侨华人推动中国和平统一大会主席张曼新。

她说,”到目前为止,北科的成员已经发展到美国,欧洲等国家。当然,我们还需要加强和完善会员制度。希望北科按照指定的宗旨一步一个脚印地走下去!”

北科的创始人Pelle Anders 在IBM公司工作了30年, 在 Ericsson 工作了10多年,一生致力于电子工程工作,也是高秘书长的老同事和工作伙伴。他讲述了3 年前一同和高秘书长建设北科的开创历史。

北科另一个创始人赖震南博士从美国通过视频向北科祝贺3周年,并且送来了祝贺词。他说我们在瑞典的北科成员比美国的要幸运。瑞典的北科成员能够看到诺贝尔奖颁奖典礼的视频,并且可以看到屠呦呦,和诺贝尔晚宴一起同欢!

发言完毕,大家开始畅所欲言,自用茶点。边看诺贝尔奖晚电视,边聊,气氛非常友好和谐。

工商联王俞力副会长和华联的周画会长出席了庆典。

另据报道,北京同仁堂12月11日在诺奖颁奖第二天举行开业庆典。

此前,卡罗林斯卡医学院专家学者和北京时珍堂医药集团杨怀京董事长等人就如何利用近代科学方法筛选有效药物对抗肿瘤和提高有机体免疫力进行了座谈。

虽然杨总否认是冲着诺奖周而来,但这种巧合也真是太幸运了!

 

特稿:烟壶内画绘人生

北欧绿色邮报网报道(记者陈雪霏)--今年49岁的金鸿珊是河北省固安县固安镇一名普通农民,自1986年接触鼻烟壶内画艺术后产生浓厚兴趣。多年来,他寻访名师,潜心钻研,创作水平不断提高,并于2008年成立了自己的工作室。

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лªÉçÕÕƬ£¬¹Ì°²£¨ºÓ±±£©£¬2015Äê12ÔÂ10ÈÕ     Ñ̺øÄÚ»­»æÈËÉú     12ÔÂ10ÈÕ£¬½ðºèɺչʾ±ÇÑ̺øÄÚ»­×÷Æ·¡£     ½ñÄê49ËêµÄ½ðºèɺÊǺӱ±Ê¡¹Ì°²Ïع̰²ÕòÒ»ÃûÆÕͨũÃñ£¬×Ô1986Äê½Ó´¥±ÇÑ̺øÄÚ»­ÒÕÊõºó²úÉúŨºñÐËȤ¡£¶àÄêÀ´£¬ËûÑ°·ÃÃûʦ£¬Ç±ÐÄ×êÑУ¬´´×÷ˮƽ²»¶ÏÌá¸ß£¬²¢ÓÚ2008Äê³ÉÁ¢ÁË×Ô¼ºµÄ¹¤×÷ÊÒ¡£³ýÔÚ¹úÄÚµÄÕ¹ÀÀ¼°±ÈÈüÖлñµÃ¼Ñ¼¨Í⣬ËûµÄ¶à¼þ×÷Æ·»¹±»ÃÀ¹ú¡¢µÂ¹úµÈ¹úÍâÊղؼÒÊղء£     лªÉç¼ÇÕß Â³Åô Éã

图文/新华社记者 鲁鹏

编者的话:看到这个烟壶做品让我想起我的中学老师赵国中了。他是我的英语老师宁金玲的丈夫。他们两个人都不是地藏寺人。赵国中老师大高个儿,长得非常帅。宁老师个子很小,但非常漂亮,也很厉害。但是,后来听说赵老师不在了。我记得他就是因为他会画这种烟壶画,也会在蛋壳上画,在瓶子里画。惟妙惟肖,非常好。

屠呦呦诺贝尔演讲正版全文:青蒿素-中医药给世界的一份礼物

北欧绿色邮报网报道(记者陈雪霏)--12月7日下午中国首位诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主屠呦呦在瑞典卡罗林斯卡医学院发表演讲,介绍了自己获奖的科研成果。这是屠呦呦来瑞典领奖做的唯一一次演讲。目前网上流传的屠呦呦诺贝尔获奖感言并没有在这里进行,它可能是被杜撰的,也可能是机密,总之,没有公开。而下面的演讲全文是受到世界瞩目的精彩演讲。尤其是有诺奖评委亲自为她举话筒,成为千古特例。另外,诺贝尔奖医学奖得主用中文演讲也是历史上的第一次。下面请欣赏全文。

 

尊敬的主席先生,尊敬的获奖者,女士们,先生们:

今天我极为荣幸能在卡罗林斯卡学院讲演,我报告的题目是:青蒿素——中医药给世界的一份礼物

在报告之前,我首先要感谢诺贝尔奖评委会,诺贝尔奖基金会授予我2015年生理学或医学奖。这不仅是授予我个人的荣誉,也是对全体中国科学家团队的嘉奖和鼓励。在短短的几天里,我深深地感受到了瑞典人民的热情,在此我一并表示感谢。

谢谢William C. Campbell(威廉姆.坎贝尔)和Satoshi Ōmura(大村智)二位刚刚所做的精彩报告。我现在要说的是四十年前,在艰苦的环境下,中国科学家努力奋斗从中医药中寻找抗疟新药的故事。

关于青蒿素的发现过程,大家可能已经在很多报道中看到过。在此,我只做一个概要的介绍。这是中医研究院抗疟药研究团队当年的简要工作总结,其中蓝底标示的是本院团队完成的工作,白底标示的是全国其他协作团队完成的工作。 蓝底向白底过渡标示既有本院也有协作单位参加的工作。

中药研究所团队于1969年开始抗疟中药研究。经过大量的反复筛选工作后,1971年起工作重点集中于中药青蒿。又经过很多次失败后,1971年9月,重新设计了提取方法,改用低温提取,用乙醚回流或冷浸,而后用碱溶液除掉酸性部位的方法制备样品。1971年10月4日,青蒿乙醚中性提取物,即标号191#的样品,以1.0克/公斤体重的剂量,连续3天,口服给药,鼠疟药效评价显示抑制率达到100%。同年12月到次年1月的猴疟实验,也得到了抑制率100% 的结果。青蒿乙醚中性提取物抗疟药效的突破,是发现青蒿素的关键。

1972年8至10月,我们开展了青蒿乙醚中性提取物的临床研究,30例恶性疟和间日疟病人全部显效。同年11月,从该部位中成功分离得到抗疟有效单体化合物的结晶,后命名为“青蒿素”。

1972年12月开始对青蒿素的化学结构进行探索,通过元素分析、光谱测定、质谱及旋光分析等技术手段,确定化合物分子式为C15H22O5,分子量282。明确了青蒿素为不含氮的倍半萜类化合物。

1973年4月27日,经中国医学科学院药物研究所分析化学室进一步复核了分子式等有关数据。1974年起,与中国科学院上海有机化学研究所和生物物理所相继开展了青蒿素结构协作研究的工作。最终经X光衍射确定了青蒿素的结构。确认青蒿素是含有过氧基的新型倍半萜内酯。立体结构于1977年在中国的科学通报发表,并被化学文摘收录。

1973年起,为研究青蒿素结构中的功能基团而制备衍生物。经硼氢化钠还原反应,证实青蒿素结构中羰基的存在,发明了双氢青蒿素。经构效关系研究:明确青蒿素结构中的过氧基团是抗疟活性基团,部分双氢青蒿素羟基衍生物的鼠疟效价也有所提高。

这里展示了青蒿素及其衍生物双氢青蒿素、蒿甲醚、青蒿琥酯、蒿乙醚的分子结构。直到现在,除此类型之外,其他结构类型的青蒿素衍生物还没有用于临床的报道。

1986年,青蒿素获得了卫生部新药证书。于1992年再获得双氢青蒿素新药证书。该药临床药效高于青蒿素10倍,进一步体现了青蒿素类药物“高效、速效、低毒”的特点。

1981年,世界卫生组织、世界银行、联合国计划开发署在北京联合召开疟疾化疗科学工作组第四次会议,有关青蒿素及其临床应用的一系列报告在会上引发热烈反响。我的报告是“青蒿素的化学研究”。上世纪80年代,数千例中国的疟疾患者得到青蒿素及其衍生物的有效治疗。

听完这段介绍,大家可能会觉得这不过是一段普通的药物发现过程。但是,当年从在中国已有两千多年沿用历史的中药青蒿中发掘出青蒿素的历程却相当艰辛。

目标明确、坚持信念是成功的前提。1969年,中医科学院中药研究所参加全国“523”抗击疟疾研究项目。经院领导研究决定,我被指令负责並组建“523”項目课题组,承担抗疟中药的研发。这一项目在当时属于保密的重点军工项目。对于一个年轻科研人员,有机会接受如此重任,我体会到了国家对我的信任,深感责任重大,任务艰巨。我决心不辱使命,努力拼搏,尽全力完成任务!

学科交叉为研究发现成功提供了准备。这是我刚到中药研究所的照片,左侧是著名生药学家楼之岑,他指导我鉴别药材。从1959年到1962年,我参加西医学习中医班,系统学习了中医药知识。化学家路易˙帕斯特说过“机会垂青有准备的人”。古语说:凡是过去,皆为序曲。然而,序曲就是一种准备。当抗疟项目给我机遇的时候,西学中的序曲为我从事青蒿素研究提供了良好的准备。

信息收集、准确解析是研究发现成功的基础。接受任务后,我收集整理历代中医药典籍,走访名老中医并收集他们用于防治疟疾的方剂和中药、同时调阅大量民间方药。在汇集了包括植物、动物、矿物等2000余内服、外用方药的基础上,编写了以640种中药为主的《疟疾单验方集》。正是这些信息的收集和解析铸就了青蒿素发现的基础,也是中药新药研究有别于一般植物药研发的地方。

关键的文献启示。当年我面临研究困境时,又重新温习中医古籍,进一步思考东晋(公元3-4世纪)葛洪《肘后备急方》有关“青蒿一握,以水二升渍,绞取汁,尽服之”的截疟记载。这使我联想到提取过程可能需要避免高温,由此改用低沸点溶剂的提取方法。

关于青蒿入药,最早见于马王堆三号汉墓的帛书《五十二病方》,其后的《神农本草经》、《补遗雷公炮制便览》、《本草纲目》等典籍都有青蒿治病的记载。然而,古籍虽多,确都没有明确青蒿的植物分类品种。当年青蒿资源品种混乱,药典收载了2个品种,还有4个其他的混淆品种也在使用。后续深入研究发现:仅Artemisia annua L.一种含有青蒿素,抗疟有效。这样客观上就增加了发现青蒿素的难度。再加上青蒿素在原植物中含量并不高,还有药用部位、产地、采收季节、纯化工艺的影响,青蒿乙醚中性提取物的成功确实来之不易。中国传统中医药是一个丰富的宝藏,值得我们多加思考,发掘提高。

在困境面前需要坚持不懈。七十年代中国的科研条件比较差,为供应足够的青蒿有效部位用于临床,我们曾用水缸作为提取容器。由于缺乏通风设备,又接触大量有机溶剂,导致一些科研人员的身体健康受到了影响。为了尽快上临床,在动物安全性评价的基础上,我和科研团队成员自身服用有效部位提取物,以确保临床病人的安全。当青蒿素片剂临床试用效果不理想时,经过努力坚持,深入探究原因,最终查明是崩解度的问题。改用青蒿素单体胶囊,从而及时证实了青蒿素的抗疟疗效。

团队精神,无私合作加速科学发现转化成有效药物。1972年3月8日,全国523办公室在南京召开抗疟药物专业会议,我代表中药所在会上报告了青蒿No.191提取物对鼠疟、猴疟的结果,受到会议极大关注。同年11月17日,在北京召开的全国会议上,我报告了30例临床全部显效的结果。从此,拉开了青蒿抗疟研究全国大协作的序幕。

今天,我再次衷心感谢当年从事523抗疟研究的中医科学院团队全体成员,铭记他们在青蒿素研究、发现与应用中的积极投入与突出贡献。感谢全国523项目单位的通力协作,包括山东省中药研究所、云南省药物研究所、中国科学院生物物理所、中国科学院上海有机所、广州中医药大学以及军事医学科学院等,我衷心祝贺协作单位同行们所取得的多方面成果,以及对疟疾患者的热诚服务。对于全国523办公室在组织抗疟项目中的不懈努力,在此表示诚挚的敬意。没有大家无私合作的团队精神,我们不可能在短期内将青蒿素贡献给世界。

疟疾对于世界公共卫生依然是个严重挑战。WHO总干事陈冯富珍在谈到控制疟疾时有过这样的评价,在减少疟疾病例与死亡方面,全球范围内正在取得的成绩给我们留下了深刻印象。虽然如此,据统计,全球97个国家与地区的33亿人口仍在遭遇疟疾的威胁,其中12亿人生活在高危区域,这些区域的患病率有可能高于1/1000。统计数据表明,2013年全球疟疾患者约为1亿9千8百万,疟疾导致的死亡人数约为58万,其中78%是5岁以下的儿童。90%的疟疾死亡病例发生在重灾区非洲。70% 的非洲疟疾患者应用青蒿素复方药物治疗(Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies, ACTs)。但是,得不到ACTs 治疗的疟疾患儿仍达5千6百万到6千9百万之多。

疟原虫对于青蒿素和其他抗疟药的抗药性。在大湄公河地区,包括柬埔寨、老挝、缅甸、泰国和越南,恶性疟原虫已经出现对于青蒿素的抗药性。在柬埔寨-泰国边境的许多地区,恶性疟原虫已经对绝大多数抗疟药产生抗药性。请看今年报告的对于青蒿素抗药性的分布图,红色与黑色提示当地的恶性疟原虫出现抗药性。可见,不仅在大湄公河流域有抗药性,在非洲少数地区也出现了抗药性。这些情况都是严重的警示。

世界卫生组织2011年遏制青蒿素抗药性的全球计划。这项计划出台的目的是保护ACTs对于恶性疟疾的有效性。鉴于青蒿素的抗药性已在大湄公河流域得到证实,扩散的潜在威胁也正在考察之中。参与该计划的100多位专家们认为,在青蒿素抗药性传播到高感染地区之前,遏制或消除抗药性的机会其实十分有限。遏制青蒿素抗药性的任务迫在眉睫。为保护ACTs对于恶性疟疾的有效性,我诚挚希望全球抗疟工作者认真执行WHO遏制青蒿素抗药性的全球计划。

在结束之前,我想再谈一点中医药。“中国医药学是一个伟大宝库,应当努力发掘,加以提高。”青蒿素正是从这一宝库中发掘出来的。通过抗疟药青蒿素的研究经历,深感中西医药各有所长,二者有机结合,优势互补,当具有更大的开发潜力和良好的发展前景。大自然给我们提供了大量的植物资源,医药学研究者可以从中开发新药。中医药从神农尝百草开始,在几千年的发展中积累了大量临床经验,对于自然资源的药用价值已经有所整理归纳。通过继承发扬,发掘提高,一定会有所发现,有所创新,从而造福人类。

最后,我想与各位分享一首我国唐代有名的诗篇,王之涣所写的《登鹳雀楼》:白日依山尽,黄河入海流,欲穷千里目,更上一层楼。 请各位有机会时更上一层楼, 去领略中国文化的魅力,发现蕴涵于传统中医药中的宝藏!

衷心感谢在青蒿素发现、研究、和应用中做出贡献的所有国内外同事们、同行们和朋友们!

深深感谢家人的一直以来的理解和支持!

衷心感谢各位前来参会!

谢谢大家!