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Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet wins 2015 Nobel Peace Prize

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By Xuefei Chen Axelsson

Stockholm, Oct. 9(Greenpost)–The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided that the Nobel Peace Prize for 2015 is to be awarded to the Tunisian National Dialogue Quartet for its decisive contribution to the building of a pluralistic democracy in Tunisia in the wake of the Jasmine Revolution of 2011.

This was announced by Kaci Kullmann Five, Chair of the Norwegian Nobel Committee in Oslo on Friday.

Five further explained that  the Quartet was formed in the summer of 2013 when the democratization process was in danger of collapsing as a result of political assassinations and widespread social unrest.

“It established an alternative, peaceful political process at a time when the country was on the brink of civil war. It was thus instrumental in enabling Tunisia, in the space of a few years, to establish a constitutional system of government guaranteeing fundamental rights for the entire population, irrespective of gender, political conviction or religious belief.” said Five.

The National Dialogue Quartet has comprised four key organizations in Tunisian civil society: the Tunisian General Labour Union (UGTT, Union Générale Tunisienne du Travail), the Tunisian Confederation of Industry, Trade and Handicrafts (UTICA, Union Tunisienne de l’Industrie, du Commerce et de l’Artisanat), the Tunisian Human Rights League (LTDH, La Ligue Tunisienne pour la Défense des Droits de l’Homme), and the Tunisian Order of Lawyers (Ordre National des Avocats de Tunisie). These organizations represent different sectors and values in Tunisian society: working life and welfare, principles of the rule of law and human rights. On this basis, the Quartet exercised its role as a mediator and driving force to advance peaceful democratic development in Tunisia with great moral authority. The Nobel Peace Prize for 2015 is awarded to this Quartet, not to the four individual organizations as such.

The Arab Spring originated in Tunisia in 2010-2011, but quickly spread to a number of countries in North Africa and the Middle East. In many of these countries, the struggle for democracy and fundamental rights has come to a standstill or suffered setbacks. Tunisia, however, has seen a democratic transition based on a vibrant civil society with demands for respect for basic human rights.

An essential factor for the culmination of the revolution in Tunisia in peaceful, democratic elections last autumn was the effort made by the Quartet to support the work of the constituent assembly and to secure approval of the constitutional process among the Tunisian population at large. The Quartet paved the way for a peaceful dialogue between the citizens, the political parties and the authorities and helped to find consensus-based solutions to a wide range of challenges across political and religious divides. The broad-based national dialogue that the Quartet succeeded in establishing countered the spread of violence in Tunisia and its function is therefore comparable to that of the peace congresses to which Alfred Nobel refers in his will.

The course that events have taken in Tunisia since the fall of the authoritarian Ben Ali regime in January 2011 is unique and remarkable for several reasons. Firstly, it shows that Islamist and secular political movements can work together to achieve significant results in the country’s best interests. The example of Tunisia thus underscores the value of dialogue and a sense of national belonging in a region marked by conflict. Secondly, the transition in Tunisia shows that civil society institutions and organizations can play a crucial role in a country’s democratization, and that such a process, even under difficult circumstances, can lead to free elections and the peaceful transfer of power. The National Dialogue Quartet must be given much of the credit for this achievement and for ensuring that the benefits of the Jasmine Revolution have not been lost.

Tunisia faces significant political, economic and security challenges. The Norwegian Nobel Committee hopes that this year’s prize will contribute towards safeguarding democracy in Tunisia and be an inspiration to all those who seek to promote peace and democracy in the Middle East, North Africa and the rest of the world. More than anything, the prize is intended as an encouragement to the Tunisian people, who despite major challenges have laid the groundwork for a national fraternity which the Committee hopes will serve as an example to be followed by other countries, said Five.

 

 

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头条快讯：突尼斯四方全国对话组织获诺贝尔和平奖

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北欧绿色邮报网报道（记者陈雪霏）－－据诺贝尔网站直播，挪威诺贝尔和平奖委员会9日宣布2015年诺贝尔和平奖将被授予突尼斯四方全国对话组织，为他们能够在阿拉伯之春的动荡中能够妥协对话，实现和平。该奖也是奖励突尼斯人民的，希望他们能继续民主进程。

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Belarus journalist writer Alexievich wins 2015 Nobel Prize in Literature

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By Xuefei Chen Axelsson

Stockholm, Oct. 8(Greenpost)—Sara Danius, Permanent Secretary of Swedish Academy Thursday announced that the Nobel Prize in Literature for 2015 is awarded to the Belarusian author Svetlana Alexievich ”for her polyphonic writings, a momument to suffering and courage in our time.”

Video from Nobelprize.org.

In an interview with Greenpost, Danius said there are several reasons for her to win the prize and one of the reasons will be enough.

”She is offering us a whole new and very interesting historical material, she is devoted almost 40 years to exploring Soviet Individual and Post Soviet Individual, but she is not interested in events.”

The events she covers for example the Chernobyl disaster, Second World War, these are pretext for exploring what history does to the individual, where individual life intersects with the course of historical events.

”What she is really interested in is the soul of events, of the inner life of individuals, that’s what she has been uncover book after book. ”

Svetlana Alexievich was born on 31 May 1948 in the Ukrainian town of Ivano-Frankivsk, as the daughter of a Belarusian father and a Ukrainian mother. When the father had completed his military service, the family moved to Belarus, where both parents worked as teachers.

After finishing school, Alexievich worked as a teacher and as a journalist, and she studied journalism at the University of Minsk between 1967-1972.

After her graduation she was referred to a local newspaper in Brest near the Polish border, because of her oppositional views. She later returned to Minsk and began an employment at the newspaper Sel’skaja Gazeta. For many years, she collected materials for her first book in 1985 and then published in English as War’s Unwomanly Face in 1988 which is based on interviews with

hundreds of women who participated in the Second World War.

She has conducted thousands of interviews over the years with man and women and children, she always keeps herself in the background unlike most journalists,

She doesn’t add any material of her own. All that we get are these voices and they have been edited because she really wants to bring out sort of the innermost life of individual, and then she composes these voices in a delicate way, this is some kind of musical composition.

Danius said Alexievich’s achievement is also to create this new genre of writing.

Her first book was called Wars Unwomenly Face which was sold two million copies depicting about the one million Soviet women red army who fought alongside with male soldiers, and then returned to civil society, but they didn’t get the recognition they deserved.

This work is the first in Alexievich’s grand cycle of books, “Voices of Utopia”, where life in the Soviet Union is depicted from the perspective of the individual.

By means of her extraordinary method – a carefully composed collage of human voices –Alexievich deepens our comprehension of an entire era. The consequences of the nuclear disaster in Chernobyl 1986 is the topic of Voices from Chernobyl –Chronicle of the Future, 1999).

Zinky Boys – Soviet voices from a forgotten war, 1992 is a portrayal of the Soviet Union’s war in Afghanistan 1979–89, and her work “Second-hand Time: The Demise of the Red (Wo)man”) is the latest in “Voices of Utopia”. Another early book that also belongs in this life long project is “Last witnesses”.

Important influences on Alexievich’s work are the notes by the nurse and author Sofia Fedorchenko (1888–1959) of soldiers’ experiences in the First World War, and the documentary reports by the Belarusian author Ales Adamovich (1927–1994) from the Second World War.

Because of her criticism of the regime, Alexievich has periodically lived abroad, in Italy, France, Germany, and Sweden, among other places.

The Swedish Academy has a tradition that all the journalists will squeeze around the platform to wait for the news.

They also invited some children from Rinkby school where Chinese writer Mo Yan who won the  Nobel Prize  in 2012 had been.

Nobel Prize is seen as a way to promote science and literature as well as world Peace.

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白俄罗斯女作家阿列克谢维奇获诺贝尔文学奖

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北欧绿色邮报网报道（记者陈雪霏）－－瑞典文学院新任常务秘书萨拉. 达妞斯（Sara Danius）8日宣布2015年诺贝尔文学奖将授予白俄罗斯女作家斯维特拉娜. 阿列克谢维奇（Svetlana Alexievich）。

thumb_img_8852_1024她获奖的理由是为她那多韵律的写作，是我们时代痛苦遭遇和勇气的丰碑。

阿列克谢耶维奇于1948年5月31日出生在母亲的家乡乌克兰的一个小镇。父亲是白俄罗斯人。父亲退役后，他们回到白俄罗斯。父母都是教师。

 

thumb_img_8841_1024斯维特拉娜于1967-1972年就读于明斯克大学新闻系。毕业后当老师，同时，当报社记者。 1985年，她采访了数百位二战期间和男士兵并肩作战的女红军。二战期间有100多万妇女参军，战后回到家乡，但是，她们却没有得到社会的承认。于是《战争的面孔不是女性的》出版，引起很大反响。销售了200万册。1988年翻译成英文，后来又翻译成法文。

 

文学院秘书达纽斯说，阿列克谢耶维奇的成就在于创作了一个新的文学体裁。象创作优美的曲子。她和现在的大多数记者不同，她十分低调，自己不出现，全部是用被采访者的声音，经过编辑，原滋原味。

 

她主要是表达个人内心的感情。她对诸如二战，阿富汗战争和核泄漏等重大事件本身并不感兴趣，而是对那个背景下的个人感兴趣，要揭示他们的内心感受。

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达纽斯建议读者阅读《战争的面孔不是女性的》，《切尔诺贝利的祈祷：未来的纪事》还有《锌皮娃娃兵》《乌托邦之声》等。

她的许多作品都已经翻译成多种文字。

颁奖仪式将在12月10日在斯德哥尔摩举行。

图文／陈雪霏

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揭秘：萨特拒绝领诺贝尔文学奖

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北欧绿色邮报网报道（记者陈雪霏）－－根据诺贝尔网站发布的50年前的消息，法国哲学家作家萨特1964年获得诺贝尔文学奖。

获得消息之后，他拒绝前来领奖。他拒绝的理由是，东西方的交流是人与人之间，文化与文化之间的交流，而不需要机构的干预。

因此，他拒绝诺贝尔委员会之类的机构发给的奖项，也不需要任何机构的奖。

另外，2015年获得提名的有198名候选人，36人获得第一轮通过。

1964年，总共有78名候选人。

1962年斯坦贝克获奖，也是此前被提名多次。

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今日头条：林达尔，穆德里奇和桑卡尔分享2015诺贝尔化学奖

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北欧绿色邮报网报道（记者陈雪霏）－－瑞典皇家科学院常务秘书约翰. 汉森7日在科学院总部宣布2015年诺贝尔化学奖将授予林达尔，穆德里奇和桑卡尔。授奖理由是他们发现了DNA修复的机制研究。

DSC_3796根据科学院发布的信息，人体本身细胞里有DNA修复的工具箱。

今年诺贝尔化学奖奖励的三位科学家在分子层面绘出了细胞如何修复受损的DNA并保卫基因的信息。他们的发现为了解活细胞如何工作提供了基本知识，例如可以被用于开发新的癌症治疗方案。

每天我们的DNA都被紫外线辐射，因此，一个DNA分子是不稳定的。数千种自发的细胞基因组变化每天都在发生。而且，DNA在细胞分裂并被复制过程中有可能产生瑕疵。这个过程在人的身体里每天发生几百万次。

我们的基因物质没有崩溃成完全的化学骚乱的原因就是有一个分子系统不停的监督和修补DNA。

而这三位科学家都分别绘制了这些修复系统在分子层面运作的详细情况。

1970年代，科学家们相信DNA是一个极端稳定的分子。但是瑞典科学家卡罗林斯卡博士托马斯. 林达尔的研究表明DNA老化的速度一定使地球上的生命不可能发展。这个洞察导致他发现了分子仪器，基础切除修复。对DNA的老化进行不断地应对。

美国和土耳其双重国籍的阿齐滋.桑卡尔发现了细胞使用核苷酸切除修复机制来修复紫外线对DNA的损害。人如果天生在这个修复系统里有缺陷又在太阳光下暴晒，就会得皮肤癌。

美国科学家穆德里奇示范了当DNA拷贝时细胞是如何修正错误的。该机制使DNA复制过程中出错的频率降低了1000倍。

DSC_3807瑞典皇家科学院院士，结构生物学教授哈德在接受绿色邮报记者采访时说，这三位科学家的发现为人们了解细胞提供了基本洞见，对抗衰老和防癌新方式都有好处。

哈德教授接受绿色邮报记者采访。Anneli拍摄。

林达尔1938年出生在瑞典是瑞典公民，也是瑞典卡罗林斯卡医学院毕业的。1978-1982年在哥德堡大学工作。目前是英国癌症研究的课题组领导人。在新闻发布会上，林达尔回答绿色邮报记者是否他对获奖有所预期，他说，他感到很惊讶，但也不是100%的惊讶，因为他多年来从事这方面的研究，也意识到它的重要性，他说，他感到自己很幸运。

穆德里奇1946年在美国出生是斯坦福大学博士。现在是霍华德休斯医学院调查员，美国多尔拉姆杜克大学生物化学教授。

桑卡尔1946年出生于土耳其，1977年在德州达拉斯大学获得博士学位，现在是北卡罗来纳大学医学院的生物化学教授。

他们三位科学家共享800万瑞典克朗约660万元人民币。

他们将在12月10日在斯德哥尔摩音乐厅从瑞典国王手中领取诺贝尔奖。

 

 

World News

A Swedish and two American scientists win 2015 Nobel Prize

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Stockholm, Oct. 7(Greenpost)–Swedish scientist Tomas Lindahl and American Paul Modrich and Aziz Sancar share 2015 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for Mechanistic Studies of DNA repair, announced Goran Hansson, Permanent Secretary from the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

DSC_3796 Sara Snogeerup Linse explained that The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015 is awarded to Tomas Lindahl, Paul Modrich and Aziz Sancar for having mapped, at a molecular level, how cells repair damaged DNA and safeguard the genetic information.

Their work has provided fundamental knowledge of how a living cell functions and is, for instance, used for the development of new cancer treatments.

“Each day our DNA is damaged by UV radiation, free radicals and other carcinogenic substances, but even without such external attacks, a DNA molecule is inherently unstable. Thousands of spontaneous changes to a cell’s genome occur on a daily basis. Furthermore, defects can also arise when DNA is copied during cell division, a process that occurs several million times every day in the human body.”

The reason our genetic material does not disintegrate into complete chemical chaos is that a host of molecular systems continuously monitor and repair DNA.

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015 awards three pioneering scientists who have mapped how several of these repair systems function at a detailed molecular level.

In the early 1970s, Tomas Lindahl demonstra­ted that DNA decays at a rate that ought to have made the development of life on Earth impossible. This insight led him to discover a molecular machinery, base excision repair, which constantly counteracts the collapse of our DNA.

Aziz Sancar has mapped nucleotide excision repair, the mechanism that cells use to repair UV damage to DNA. People born with defects in this repair system will develop skin cancer if they are exposed to sunlight. The cell also utilises nucleotide excision repair to correct defects caused by mutagenic substances, among other things.

Paul Modrich has demonstrated how the cell corrects errors that occur when DNA is replicated during cell division. This mechanism, mismatch repair, reduces the error frequency during DNA replication by about a thousandfold. Conge­nital defects in mismatch repair are known, for example, to cause a hereditary variant of colon cancer.

The Nobel Laureates in Chemistry 2015 have provided fundamental insights into how cells function, knowledge that can be used, for instance, in the development of new cancer treatments.

DSC_3803Being interviewed by Green Post, Torleif Härd Professor in Structural Biology said the discovery is very important in helping us understand how cells work and it can be very helpful for finding new methods in anti-aging and cancer.

He said this can be seen as another tool for the human body to protect itself.

Tomas Lindahl, Swedish citizen. Born 1938 in Stockholm, Sweden. Ph.D. 1967 from Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. Professor of Medical and Physiological Chemistry at University of Gothenburg 1978–82. Emeritus group leader at Francis Crick Institute and Emeritus director of Cancer Research UK at Clare Hall Laboratory, Hertfordshire, UK.

Paul Modrich, U.S. citizen. Born 1946. Ph.D. 1973 from Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. Investigator at Howard Hughes Medical Institute and James B. Duke Professor of Biochemistry at Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.

Aziz Sancar, U.S. and Turkish citizen. Born 1946 in Savur, Turkey. Ph.D. 1977 from University of Texas, Dallas, TX, USA. Sarah Graham Kenan Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina school of Medicine.

Tomas Lindahl said he was surprized and feel lucky and privileged in answering Green Post question.

In interview with Nobel Media Adam Smith, he said he was surprised to some extent.

“… not 100% surprise because Im getting up in the years and I know that I have been one of the well known scientists in my field of science, which is DNA repair for many years. So the question was will there be a Prize for DNA repair, and I think many people have now realised its a very important topic of research, and if so there would be 10, 15 excellent people you could choose from, and you cant give the Nobel Prize to more than three people. So I feel very lucky and privileged to be included in the top class that was awarded.”

He was at home when he learned the news.

The American Modrich said he was in his countryside cabin when he received emails from outside.

He said he felt shocked, but happy to hear the news.

News, 中国新闻, 华侨华人, 国际新闻, 头条要闻, 欧洲新闻

头条快讯：英瑞林达尔，美穆德理奇和桑卡尔三科学家分享2015诺贝尔化学奖

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北欧绿色邮报网报道（记者陈雪霏）－－瑞典皇家科学院常务秘书约翰.汉森7日在斯德哥尔摩宣布，2015诺贝尔化学奖将授予英国科学家Tomas Lindahl, 美国科学家Paul Modrich, Aziz Sancar.

IMG_0662他们获奖的理由是DNA修复的机制研究。

他们发现了DNA修复的细胞工具箱。

他们将于12月10日在斯德哥尔摩音乐厅从国王手中领取诺贝尔奖。

诺贝尔奖分医学，物理，化学，文学和和平奖。还有一个纪念诺贝尔的瑞典央行奖，熟称诺贝尔经济学奖。都是奖励那些在这些领域为人类做出巨大贡献的人。

World News

Kajita, MaDonald win 2015 Nobel Prize in Physics

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By Xuefei Chen Axelsson

Stockholm, Oct. 7(Greenpost)–The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Noble Prize in Physics for 2015 toTakaaki Kajita,  and Arthur B. McDonald “for the discovery of neutrino oscillations, showing that neutrinos have mass”.

Permanent Secretary Goran Hansson made this announcement at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm.

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2015 recognises Takaaki Kajita in Japan and Arthur B. McDonald in Canada, for their key contributions to the experiments which demonstrated that neutrinos change identities. This metamorphosis requires that neutrinos have mass. The discovery has changed our understanding of the innermost workings of matter and can prove crucial to our view of the universe.

Around the turn of the millennium, Takaaki Kajita presented the discovery that neutrinos from the atmosphere switch between two identities on their way to the Super-Kamio­kande detector in Japan.

Meanwhile, the research group in Canada led by Arthur B. McDonald could demonstrate that the neutrinos from the Sun were not disappearing on their way to Earth. Instead they were captured with a different identity when arriving to the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory.

A neutrino puzzle that physicists had wrestled with for decades had been resolved. Compared to theoretical calculations of the number of neutrinos created in nuclear reactions inside the Sun, up to two thirds of neutrinos were missing in measurements performed on Earth. Now, the two experiments discovered that the neutrinos had changed identities.

The two discoveries led to the far-reaching conclusion that neutrinos, which for a long time were considered massless, must have some mass, however small.

For particle physics this was a historic discovery. Its Standard Model of the innermost workings of matter had been incredibly successful, having resisted all experimental chal­lenges for more than twenty years. However, as it requires neutrinos to be massless, the new observations had clearly showed that the Standard Model cannot be the complete theory of the fundamental constituents of the universe.

The discoveries rewarded with this year’s Nobel Prize in Physics have yielded crucial insights into the all but hidden world of neutrinos. After photons, the particles of light, neutrinos are the most numerous in the entire cosmos. The Earth is constantly bombarded by them.

Many neutrinos are created in reactions between cosmic radiation and the Earth’s atmosphere. Others are produced in nuclear reactions inside the Sun. Thousands of billions of neutrinos are streaming through our bodies each second. Hardly anything can stop them passing, neutrinos are nature’s most elusive elementary particles.

Now the experiments continue and intense activity is underway worldwide in order to capture neutrinos and examine their properties. New discoveries about their deepest secrets are expected to change current understandings of the history, structure and future fate of the universe.

Takaaki Kajita, Japanese citizen. Born 1959 in Higashimatsuyama, Japan. Ph.D. 1986 from University of Tokyo, Japan. Director of Institute for Cosmic Ray Research and Professor at University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan.
http://www.icrr.u-tokyo.ac.jp/about/greeting_eng.html

Arthur B. McDonald, Canadian citizen. Born 1943 in Sydney, Canada. Ph.D. 1969 from Californa Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA. Professor Emeritus at Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada.
http://www.queensu.ca/physics/arthur-mcdonald 

Prize amount: 8 million Swedish krona, to be shared equally between the Laureates.

In an interview after the press conference, Professor Per Carlsson said the discoveries are great for us to understand how the sun works and how neutrinos the smallest particles work and it contributes a lot for future research.

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祝贺屠呦呦获2015 诺贝尔医学奖

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北欧绿色邮报网主编陈雪霏

当我在卡罗林斯卡医学院诺贝尔大厅新闻发布会上听到获奖名单中有屠呦呦的时候，我的手几乎发抖，我的心也立即提到嗓子眼儿，这是一个多么熟悉的名字。我立即用手机发出消息。但由于太激动了，第一次还发错了，说是三分诺奖。发出以后洗耳倾听，发现是屠呦呦一个人与另外两位美日科学家分享。无论如何，这个5年前的梦想，终于实现了！

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看到网上已经有各种文章了，感觉自己的文字苍白无力。然而，掩卷沉思，我还是情不自禁地写上几句。真心祝贺屠呦呦获诺贝尔医学奖。当时记者立即问诺贝尔委员会，屠呦呦获奖是否标志着中国中医首次获得诺贝尔奖的承认。评委会的人立即澄清，这不是对中医的奖励，而是对其受中医的鼓舞，在中医的平台上提炼出化学成份青蒿素，能提炼出单一结构的成份，治疗疟疾效果达到百分之百。这是中国大部分科学家的集体成果，但是，诺贝尔奖委员会发现，在这个过程中，屠呦呦是第一个把青蒿素用低温提纯，发现效果立即大大增强，并对该结果进行了汇报。后来的科学家根据她的发现，进一步科研，再后来，药品公司把科研成果制成药品，拯救了成百上千万人的生命。

 

屠呦呦的获奖说明在科学上，只要不畏劳苦，努力攀登，对人类做出巨大贡献，就会引起关注，迟早都会得到承认。它也充分说明在毛泽东时代，在毛泽东领导下的新中国，利用传统中医，加上积极创新，发动科学界的力量，找到了很多对付传染病的好办法。新中国成立以来，人口从四亿增长到八亿，在这个过程中，要得益于很多地方传染病的消灭，使儿童成活率大大提高。在中国建国后的前三十年，即使是国际卫生组织和联合国开发计划署的官员都承认，那时的卫生事业在中国是非常突出的。

 

当然，屠呦呦先生的贡献是非常突出的。屠呦呦提出复筛曾经显示效价较高的中药青蒿，后改用沸点比乙醇低的乙醚提取青蒿，最终在1971年10月4日得到对鼠疟具有100%抑制率的青蒿中性提取物。

1972年3月8日，屠呦呦作为中药所的代表，在全国“523办公室”主持的南京“中医中药专业组”会议上报告了青蒿乙醚中性粗提物的鼠疟、猴疟抑制率达100%的结果，引起了全体与会者的关注。这个发现在后来的40多年里证明为人类做出了巨大贡献！

 

屠呦呦的科学精神来自于从小在家乡宁波就了解青蒿和中草药，长大致力于这个自己非常感兴趣的领域，同时，在毛泽东思想指导下，在523项目组的实施中，认真完成任务，是个突出的科学带头人。

 

屠呦呦的科学精神是中国人民的骄傲！诺贝尔医学奖委员会主席评价她时说，她为所有的年轻科学工作者做出了很好的榜样。前卡罗林斯卡医学院诺奖大会秘书约翰.汉森也对屠呦呦高度评价，对她表示祝贺。

 

屠呦呦实现了本土科学家在自然科学领域获得诺贝尔奖的零突破。如果说以前，在获得别的奖时总有这样那样的争议，那么，屠呦呦的获奖是实至名归，这将更加激励更多的科研人员踏踏实实地做研究，实事求是地了解事物发展规律，相信屠呦呦的获奖能让我们相信事实就是事实，黑的就是黑的，白的就是白的。正如马克思说的那句，在科学上，没有平坦的大道，只有不畏劳苦，沿着陡峭山路攀登的人，才有希望达到光辉的顶点。

 

再次祝贺屠呦呦！祝贺中国医学科学界！祝贺祖国！

 

国际新闻, 头条要闻, 科技教育

今日头条：日本加拿大科学家获得2015诺贝尔物理学奖

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北欧绿色邮报网报道（记者陈雪霏）－－瑞典皇家科学院常务秘书约翰.汉森6日宣布2015诺贝尔物理学奖将授予日本科学家Takaaki Kajita和加拿大科学家亚瑟. 麦克唐纳（Arthur.McDonald）。他们获奖的理由是因为发现了中微子震荡表明中微子有质量。

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瑞典皇家科学院常务秘书汉森宣布诺贝尔物理学奖。

 

 

IMG_8774根据诺奖委员会发布的消息，这一发现改变了我们对物质内部活动的理解，可能对我们理解宇宙的观点至关重要。

在世纪之交，Kajita 在日本的探测仪上发现大气中的中微子可以变换身份。同时，加拿大的麦克唐纳课题组也能展示来自太阳的中微子在抵达地球的路上没有消失，而是换成了不同的身份。

物理学家们多年来纠结的中微子之迷被揭开了。与理论上测量中微子数量相比，三分之二的中微子在测量中消失了。现在，两个试验发现中微子是改变身份了。

这些发现导致人们得出深远的结论，中微子一直被认为是没有物质的，现在看来是有物质的，但是很小。

对于粒子物理来说，这是历史性的发现。这一发现对隐藏的中微子世界有了关键性的洞察。

中子，光粒子发现之后，中微子是整个宇宙数量最大也是（体积重量）最小的粒子（单位）。地球是不断地被他们轰炸着。

大部分中微子是在宇宙辐射和地球大气的反应中产生的。其他的是在太阳内部的核反应中产生的。每一秒钟都有数万亿的中微子在我们的身体里聚集。

现在试验在继续，未来的新发现预期将改变我们对宇宙的历史，结构和未来命运的理解。

瑞典皇家科学院前物理学诺贝尔奖委员会主席卡尔松教授在接受绿色邮报记者采访时说，两位科学家的发现是历史性的，它有助于我们进一步了解宇宙，认识太阳。

DSC_3783在新闻发布会上，通过电话采访，麦克唐纳说，他将把奖金用于科研和学校。

日本物理学家Kajita1959年出生在日本。1986年东京大学毕业。现在是东京大学教授。

麦克唐纳1943年出生在加拿大，1969年获得加州科技学院博士学位。现在是加拿大女王大学教授。

两位科学家将平均分享800万瑞典克朗的奖金。他们将在12月10日从瑞典国王的手中获得颁奖。

诺贝尔奖从1901年开始颁发，是瑞典著名化学家发明家诺贝尔的遗产，后人依据他的遗嘱确立的医学，物理，化学，文学，和平奖，奖励那些为人类做出巨大贡献的人。

 

中国新闻, 华侨华人, 科技教育

瑞典侨界祝贺中国科学家屠呦呦获得诺贝尔医学奖

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北欧绿色邮报网报道（记者陈雪霏）——中国科学家屠呦呦5日获得诺贝尔医学奖。瑞典侨界当晚举行庆祝聚会，纷纷表示祝贺。

photo (2)瑞典华人总会执行会长叶沛群说，今天是个大喜的日子，中国科学家屠呦呦获得诺贝尔医学奖真让我们感到骄傲和自豪。

著名的卡罗林斯卡医学院首位华人教授曹義海说，屠呦呦获得诺贝尔医学奖是实至名归。

“我感觉早就有预感，因为屠呦呦的发现为人类做出的贡献太大了，这不是几个人的事情，整个非洲都用这个药，这贡献太大了。而且我认为这是中国为人类做出的贡献，在西方一切发明都有专利保护，但中国那时候却没有保护知识产权的意识，完全是无偿奉献。”

卡罗林斯卡首位华人女教授潘墙也对屠呦呦获奖感到非常自豪。

“屠呦呦是中国首位获得诺贝尔医学奖的科学家，首位获得自然科学奖项的中国人，而且还是女性。在大陆出生长大的，没有出过国留学。完全是本土的科学家。这一下突破了很多首次。”

中欧文化协会副会长丹妮说，屠呦呦获医学奖的意义太大了，对中医的发展肯定会有促进作用。

屠呦呦的最大贡献就是把青蒿里的化学成份分解出来。一般的中药是要用高温煮出来，但是青蒿是不能用高温的，要直接拧出汁来，效果最好。

据屠呦呦班子里的科学家讲座时提到，在60年代越战的时候，越南领导人胡志明抗击美国侵略的时候发现，他们不怕美国士兵，但是更怕蚊子造成的疟疾。于是向毛主席求救。毛主席下令要研究如何对付疟疾。38岁的屠呦呦作为带头人研究，经过无数次的试验，终于提炼出单一结构的青蒿素。治疗效果非常好。

庆祝会由北欧时报社长何儒召集，瑞典华人总会支持。出席庆祝会的还有人民日报北欧记者站站长刘仲华，卞医生和斯德哥尔摩大学医学学者于是。

Green-tech, News

Youyou Tu, Campbell and Omura wins 2015 Nobel Prize in Medicine

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By Xuefei Chen Axelsson

Stockholm, Oct. 5(Greenpost)–Chinese Scientist Youyou Tu, American William Campbell and Japanese Satoshi Omura share the 2015 Nobel Prize in Medicine.

DSC_3707This was announced by  Urban Lendahl President of the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet.

Campbell and Omura won half of the prize for their discoveries concerning a nove therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites. And Youyou Tu won the other half for her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria.

DSC_3714They will get the prize and diploma from the hands of the Swedish King Carl XVI Gustaf on Dec. 10 in Stockholm.