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今日头条:2016诺贝尔文学奖被授予美国伟大诗人鲍勃.迪伦

北欧绿色邮报网报道(记者陈雪霏)——瑞典文学院常务秘书长萨拉.达纽斯13日下午13点在诺贝尔博物馆楼上举行的新闻发布会上宣布,2016年诺贝尔文学奖被授予美国诗人鲍勃.迪伦。获奖原因是他为伟大的美国歌曲传统带来了全新的诗意表达。

 

dsc_3929今年75岁的迪伦是美国著名歌星,词作者,伟大的诗人,进行过无数次的巡回演出。

达纽斯在接受记者采访时说,迪伦的伟大之处在于他是一个伟大的诗人。他是一个伟大的诗人,好比古希腊的诗人荷马。荷马史诗其实也是写出来供人们朗读和表演的,迪伦的诗歌也都被他唱出来了。所以有人说他是行吟诗人。他借助吉他,边弹边唱。

dsc_3952她说,今年评奖时迪伦获得了多数,没有争议。

至此所有诺贝尔奖已经宣布完毕,12月10日颁奖仪式将在斯德哥尔摩音乐厅举行。届时将有一个隆重的晚宴,国王亲自颁奖,国王全家都将出席诺贝尔晚宴。

今年诺贝尔文学奖奖金800万克朗。

诺贝尔和平奖将在挪威奥斯陆颁发。

附诗一首:

《时光慢慢流逝》

鲍勃•迪伦

山中的时光静寂缓慢,

我们坐在桥畔,在泉水边散步,

追寻野生的鱼群,在溪水上漂浮,

当你置身尘外,时光静寂流逝。

我曾有个心上人,她娇小、美丽,

我们坐在她家的厨房里,她妈妈做着糕点,

窗外的星辰闪烁高悬,

时光静寂流逝,当你找到你的心爱。

不是没有理由搭一辆货车去小镇,

不是没有理由再去那集市。

也不是没有理由再来来回回,

不是没有理由去每个地方。

白日的时光静寂缓慢,

我们注视着前方,努力不使之偏向,

就像夏日的红玫瑰逐日盛开,

时光静寂流逝,永不复返。

Top story:Bob Dylan, great poet, wins 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature

By Xuefei Chen Axelsson

STOCKHOLM, Oct. 13(Greenpost)– Sara Danius

Permanent secretary of Swedish Academy announced on Thursday that the Nobel Prize in Literature for 2016 is awarded to Bob Dylan

“for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition”.

dsc_3929In an interview with Green Post, Danius said, it is very simple,  Bob Dylan is a great poet. He is a great poet because if you think of ancient times in Greece, the great poet Holmer used to write poems which are read and performed, although it was not intended for us today, we still read them 2500 years later.  So it is with Bob Dylan’s songs and poems which are sung.

dsc_3951 Bob Dylan is so famous and popular for his song Blowing in the Wind, the song has a great melody, but it also has great lyric  and asked questions that aroused great attention.

dsc_3950He can sing, he write and he published the song books. So they are well read.

The following is Dylan’s autobiography from Nobelprize.com.

dsc_3949Bob Dylan was born on May 24, 1941 in Duluth, Minnesota. He grew up in a Jewish middle-class family in the city of Hibbing. As a teenager he played in various bands and with time his interest in music deepened, with a particular passion for American folk music and blues. One of his idols was the folk singer Woody Guthrie. He was also influenced by the early authors of the Beat Generation, as well as by modernist poets.

dsc_3952Dylan moved to New York City in 1961 and began to perform in clubs and cafés in Greenwich Village. He met the record producer John Hammond with whom he signed a contract for his debut album, Bob Dylan (1962). In the following years he recorded a number of albums which have had a tremendous impact on popular music: Bringing It All Back Home and Highway 61 Revisited in 1965, Blonde On Blonde in 1966 and Blood On The Tracks in 1975. His productivity continued in the following decades, resulting in masterpieces like Oh Mercy (1989), Time Out Of Mind (1997) and Modern Times (2006).

Dylan’s tours in 1965 and 1966 attracted a lot of attention. For a period he was accompanied by film maker D. A. Pennebaker, who documented life around the stage in what would come to be the movie Dont Look Back (1967). Dylan has recorded a large number of albums revolving around topics such as: the social conditions of man, religion, politics and love. The lyrics have continuously been published in new editions, under the title Lyrics. As an artist, he is strikingly versatile; he has been active as painter, actor and scriptwriter.

Besides his large production of albums, Dylan has published experimental work like Tarantula (1971) and the collection Writings and Drawings (1973). He has written an autobiography, Chronicles (2004), which depicts memories from the early years in New York and which provides glimpses of his life at the center of popular culture. Since the late 1980s, Bob Dylan has toured persistently, an undertaking called the “Never-Ending Tour”. Dylan has the status of an icon. His influence on contemporary music is profound, and he is the object of a steady stream of secondary literature.

Bibliography – a selection

Works in English

Bob Dylan Song Book. – New York : M. Witmark, 1965

Bob Dylan Himself : His Words, His Music. – London : Duchess, 1965

Bob Dylan : A Collection. – New York : M. Witmark, 1966

Bob Dylan : The Original. – Warner Bros.- Seven Arts Music, 1968

Tarantula. – New York : Macmillan, 1971

Poem to Joanie / with an introduction by A. J. Weberman. – London : Aloes Seola, 1971

Writings and Drawings. – New York : Knopf, 1973

The Songs of Bob Dylan : From 1966 through 1975. – New York : Knopf, 1976

Lyrics, 19621985. – New York : Knopf, 1985

Bob Dylan Anthology. – New York : Amsco, 1990

Drawn Blank. – New York : Random House, 1994

Lyrics, 19621996. – New York : Villard, 1997

Lyrics, 19621999. – New York : Knopf, 1999

Man Gave Names to All the Animals / illustrated by Scott Menchin. – San Diego, Calif. : Harcourt Brace, 1999

The Definitive Bob Dylan Songbook. – New York : Amsco, 2001

Lyrics : 19622001. – New York : Simon & Schuster, 2004

Chronicles : Volume One. – New York : Simon & Schuster, 2004

Bob Dylan : The Drawn Blank Series / edited by Ingrid Mössinger and Kerstin Drechsel. – New York : Prestel, 2007

Hollywood Foto-Rhetoric : The Lost Manuscript / photographs by Barry Feinstein. – New York : Simon & Schuster, 2008

Lyrics / edited by Heinrich Detering. – Stuttgart : Reclam, 2008

Forever Young / illustrated by Paul Rogers. – New York : Atheneum, 2008

Bob Dylan : The Brazil Series. – New York : Prestel, 2010

Man Gave Names to All the Animals / illustrated by Jim Arnosky. – New York : Sterling, 2010

Blowin’ in The Wind / illustrated by Jon J. Muth. – New York : Sterling, 2011

Bob Dylan : The Asia Series. – New York : Gagosian Gallery, 2011

Revisionist Art. – New York : Gagosian Gallery, 2012

Bob Dylan : Face Value / text by John Elderfield. – London : National Portrait Gallery, 2013

If Dogs Run Free / illustrated by Scott Campbell. – New York : Atheneum, 2013

The Lyrics : Since 1962 / edited by Christopher Ricks, Lisa Nemrow and Julie Nemrow. – New York : Simon & Schuster, 2014

If Not for You / illustrated by David Walker . – New York : Atheneum, 2016

 

Albums

Bob Dylan (1962)
The Freewheelin’ Bob Dylan (1963)
The Times They Are A-Changin’ (1964)
Another Side Of Bob Dylan (1964)
Bringing It All Back Home (1965)
Highway 61 Revisited (1965)
Blonde On Blonde (1966)
Bob Dylan’s Greatest Hits (1967)
John Wesley Harding (1968)
Nashville Skyline (1969)
Self Portrait (1970)
New Morning (1970)
Bob Dylan’s Greatest Hits Vol. 2 (1971)
Pat Garrett & Billy The Kid (1973)
Dylan (1973)
Planet Waves (1974)
Before The Flood (1974)
Blood On The Tracks (1975)
The Basement Tapes (1975)
Desire (1976)
Hard Rain (1976)
Street Legal (1978)
Bob Dylan At Budokan (1978)
Slow Train Coming (1979)
Saved (1980)
Shot Of Love (1981)
Infidels (1983)
Real Live (1984)
Empire Burlesque (1985)
Biograph (1985)
Knocked Out Loaded (1986)
Down In The Groove (1988)
Dylan & The Dead (1989)
Oh Mercy (1989)
Under The Red Sky (1990)
The Bootleg Series Vols. 13: Rare And Unreleased 19611991 (1991)
Good As I Been to You (1992)
World Gone Wrong (1993)
Bob Dylan’s Greatest Hits Vol. 3 (1994)
MTV Unplugged (1995)
The Best Of Bob Dylan (1997)
The Songs Of Jimmie Rodgers: A Tribute (1997)
Time Out Of Mind (1997)
The Bootleg Series, Vol. 4: Bob Dylan Live 1966: The ’Royal Albert Hall’ Concert(1998)
The Essential Bob Dylan (2000)
”Love And Theft” (2001)
The Bootleg Series, Vol. 5: Live 1975: The Rolling Thunder Revue (2002)
Masked And Anonymous: The Soundtrack (2003)
Gotta Serve Somebody: The Gospel Songs Of Bob Dylan (2003)
The Bootleg Series, Vol. 6: Live 1964: Concert At Philharmonic Hall (2004)
The Bootleg Series, Vol. 7: No Direction Home: The Soundtrack (2005)
Live At The Gaslight 1962 (2005)
Live At Carnegie Hall 1963 (2005)
Modern Times (2006)
The Traveling Wilburys Collection (2007)
The Bootleg Series, Vol. 8: Tell Tale Signs: Rare And Unreleased, 19892006(2008)
Together Through Life (2009)
Christmas In The Heart (2009)
The Original Mono Recordings (2010)
The Bootleg Series, Vol. 9: The Witmark Demos: 19621964 (2010)
Good Rockin’ Tonight: The Legacy Of Sun (2011)
Timeless (2011)
Tempest (2012)
The Lost Notebooks Of Hank Williams (2011)
The Bootleg Series, Vol. 10: Another Self Portrait (2013)
The Bootleg Series, Vol. 11: The Basement Tapes Complete (2014)
The Bootleg Series, Vol. 12: The Cutting Edge 19651966 (2015)
Shadows In The Night (2015)
Fallen Angels (2016)

 

Films

Dont Look Back / D. A. Pennebaker, 1967
Eat the Document / D. A. Pennebaker, Howard Alk, Bob Dylan, 1971
Pat Garrett & Billy The Kid / Sam Peckinpah, 1973
Renaldo & Clara / Bob Dylan, 1978
The Last Waltz / Martin Scorsese, 1978
Hard to Handle / Gillian Armstrong, 1986
Hearts of Fire / Richard Marquand, 1987
Masked and Anonymous / Larry Charles ; written by Bob Dylan and Larry Charles, 2003
No Direction Home / Martin Scorsese, 2005
I’m Not There / Todd Haynes, 2007
The Other Side of the Mirror : Bob Dylan Live at the Newport Folk Festival,19631965. / Murray Lerner, 2007

 

Works in French

Tarantula / traduit de l’anglais par Dashiell Hedayat. – Paris : C. Bourgois, 1972. – Traduction de: Tarantula

Écrits et dessins : “mars 1962décembre 1970″ / traduit de l’anglais par Robert Louit et Didier Pemerle. – Paris : Seghers, 1975. – Traduction de: Writings and Drawings

Tarantula / traduit de l’anglais par Daniel Bismuth. – Paris : Hachette, 2001. – Traduction de: Tarantula

Chroniques : volume I / traduit de l’anglais par Jean-Luc Piningre. – Paris : Fayard, 2005. – Traduction de: Chronicles : Volume One

Lyrics : chansons, 19622001 / traduit de l’anglais par Robert Louit et Didier Pemerle. – Paris : Fayard, 2008. – Traduction de: Lyrics, 1962-2001

 

Works in Spanish

Canciones / selección, traducción y prólogo de Eduardo Chamorro. – Madrid : Alberto Corazón, 1971

George Jackson y otras canciones / selección y traducción Antonio Resines. – Madrid : Alberto Corazón, 1972

Escritos, canciones y dibujos / traducción de Carlos Álvarez. – Madrid : R. Aguilera, 1975. – Título original: Writings and Drawings

Tarántula / traducción de Horacio Quinto. – Barcelona : Producciones Editoriales, 1976. – Título original: Tarantula

Canciones I / traducción de Carlos Álvarez. – Madrid : Fundamentos, 1984

Canciones II / traducción de Carlos Álvarez. – Madrid : Fundamentos, 1985

Bob Dylan : Greatest hits volume 3 : Unplugged / traducción de Alberto Manzano. – Madrid : Celeste, 1993

Tarántula / traducción de Ignacio Renom. – Madrid : Júcar, 1996. – Título original: Tarantula

Del huracán a las tierras altas : escritos y canciones, 19751997 / traducción de Antonio J. Iriarte y Francisco J. García Cubero. – Valencia : Mirada, 1999

Crónicas / traducción de Miquel Izquierdo. – Barcelona : Global Rhythm, 2005. – Título original: Chronicles : Volume One

Tarántula / traducción de Alberto Manzano. – Barcelona : Global Rhythm, 2007. – Título original: Tarantula

Bob Dylan : letras, 19622001 / traducción de Miquel Izquierdo y José Moreno. – Madrid : Global Rhythm : Alfaguara, 2007. – Título original: Lyrics : 1962-2001

Fotorretórica de Hollywood : el manuscrito perdido / fotografías de Barry Feinstein ; traducción de Miquel Izquierdo. – Barcelona : Global Rhythm, 2009. – Título original: Hollywood Foto-Rhetoric

 

Works in Swedish

Bob Dylan / översättning av Bruno K. Öijer och Eric Fylkeson ; illustrationer av Leif Elggren. – Stockholm : Poesiförlaget i samarbete med Cavefors, 1975

Tarantula / översättning av Görgen Antonsson. – Borås : Galder, 1981. – Originalets titel: Tarantula

Tarantula / översättning av Görgen Antonsson ; efterord av Peter Glas ; afterword by Peter Glas. – Lund : Bakhåll, 1999. – Originalets titel: Tarantula

Memoarer. D. 1 / översättning av Mats Gellerfelt. – Stockholm : Prisma, 2004. – Originalets titel: Chronicles : Volume One

 

Works in German

Texte und Zeichnungen / übersetzt von Carl Weissner. – Frankfurt am Main : Zweitausendeins, 1975. – Originaltitel: Writings and Drawings

Tarantel = Tarantula / übersetzt von Carl Weissner. – Frankfurt am Main : Zweitausendeins, 1976. – Originaltitel: Tarantula

Songtexte : 19621985 / übersetzt von Carl Weissner und Walter Hartmann. – Frankfurt am Main : Zweitausendeins, 1987. – Originaltitel: Lyrics 1962-1985

Tarantel / übersetzt von Carl Weissner ; herausgegeben von Wolfgang Smejkal. – St. Andrä-Wördern : Hannibal, 1995. – Originaltitel: Tarantula

Lyrics : 19622001 / übersetzt von Gisbert Haefs. – Hamburg : Hoffmann und Campe, 2004. – Originaltitel: Lyrics : 1962 – 2001

Chronicles. Vol. 1 / übersetzt von Kathrin Passig und Gerhard Henschel. – Hamburg : Hoffmann und Campe, 2004. – Originaltitel: Chronicles : Volume One

Lyrics / herausgegeben von Heinrich Detering. – Stuttgart : Reclam, 2008

 

Further reading

All Across the Telegraph : A Bob Dylan Handbook / edited by Michael Gray and John Bauldie. – London : Sidgwick & Jackson, 1987

Baez, Joan, And a Voice to Sing With : A Memoir. – New York : Summit, 1987

Bauldie, John, Wanted Man : In Search of Bob Dylan. – London : Black Spring Press, 1990

Bob Dylan : Dont Look Back : A Film and Book by D. A. Pennebaker. – New York : Ballantine, 1968

Bob Dylan : ein Kongreß ; Ergebnisse des Internationalen Bob Dylan-Kongresses 2006 in Frankfurt am Main / herausgegeben von Axel Honneth … – Frankfurt am Main : Suhrkamp, 2007

Bob Dylan : A Retrospective / edited by Craig MacGregor. – New York : William Morrow, 1972

The Bob Dylan Companion: Four Decades of Commentary / edited by Carl Benson. – New York : Schirmer, 1998

Bob Dylan In His Own Words / compiled by Barry Miles ; edited by Pearce Marchbanks. – New York : Quick Fox, 1978

Braad Thomsen, Christian & Schnack, Asger, Bob Dylan : en guide til hans plader. – København : Høst & Søn, 1998

Bream, Jon, Dylan Disc by Disc. / introductions to the albums and liner notes by Richie Unterberger. – Minneapolis : Voyageur Press, 2015

The Cambridge Companion to Bob Dylan / edited by Kevin J. H. Dettmar. – Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2009

Dalton, David, Det är inte mig ni söker : jakten på Bob Dylan / översättning av Christian Ekvall. – Västerås : Ica, 2013. Orig. titel: Who Is That Man?

Detering, Heinrich, Bob Dylan / översättning av Jim Jakobsson. – Göteborg : Daidalos, 2008

Detering, Heinrich, Die Stimmen aus der Unterwelt : Bob Dylans Mysterienspiele. – München : Beck, 2016

Do You Mr Jones? : Bob Dylan with the Poets and Professors / edited by Neil Corcoran. – London : Chatto & Windus, 2002

Dylan, Bob, Younger Than That Now : The Collected Interviews with Bob Dylan. – New York : Thunder’s Mouth Press, 2004

Dylan on Dylan : The Essential Interviews / edited by Jonathan Cott. – London : Hodder & Stoughton, 2006

Dylan par Dylan : interviews 19622004 / édition établie par Jonathan Cott ; traduit de l’anglais par Denis Griesmar. – Paris : Bartillat, 2007. – Traduction de: Bob Dylan : The Essential Interviews

Dylan sobre Dylan : 31 entrevistas memorables / edición a cargo de Jonathan Cott ; traducción de Miquel Izquierdo. – Barcelona : Global Rhythm, 2008. – Traducción de: Dylan on Dylan : The Essential Interviews

Gray, Michael, The Bob Dylan Encyclopedia. – New York : Continuum, 2006 ; updated and revised version, 2008

Gray, Michael, Song and Dance Man III : The Art of Bob Dylan. – London : Cassell, 2000 [Revised version of: Song & Dance Man : The Art of Bob Dylan. – London : Hart-Davis, MacGibbon, 1972]

Harvey, Todd, The Formative Dylan : Transmission and Stylistic Influences 19611963. – Lanham, Md. : Scarecrow Press, 2001

Havers, Franz W., Bob Dylans surrealistische Songpoesie ; Thesis. – Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 1986

Heylin, Clinton, Behind the Shades Revisited. – New York : William Morrow, 2001

Heylin, Clinton, Bob Dylan : Behind the Shades : A Biography. – New York : Summit, 1991

Heylin, Clinton, Bob Dylan : A Life in Stolen Moments : Day by Day 19411995. – New York : Schirmer, 1996

Heylin, Clinton, Bob Dylan : The Recording Sessions 19601994. – New York : St. Martin’s Press, 1995

Heylin, Clinton, Dylan : Mannen, myten, musiken : En biografi / översättning av Håkan Olsson. – Lund : Wiken, 1993. – Originaltitel : Dylan : Behind the Shades

Heylin, Clinton, Revolution in the Air : The Songs of Bob Dylan 19571973. – Chicago IL. : Chicago Review Press, 2009

Heylin, Clinton, Still on the Road : The Songs of Bob Dylan 19742006. – Chicago, IL. : Chicago Review Press, 2010

Holmgren, Ola, Stickspår : Åtta skäl varför Bob Dylan borde tilldelas Nobelpriset i litteratur. – Stockholm : Carlsson, 2016

Holmquist, Göran, Bob Dylan på svenska : Bob Dylans betydelse för svensk musik & litteratur : en studie. – Gammelstad : Hjärnstorm, 1982

Holmquist, Göran, Visa oss vinden! : Bob Dylan i Sverige. – Stockholm : Premium, 2002

Jacobsson, Mats, Dylan i 60talet : tematiken i Bob Dylans sångtexter och dikter 196167. – Lund : Ellerström, 2004

Jørgensen, Karsten, Bob Dylan lexikon / översättning av Thomas Nydahl. – Kristianstad : Accent, 2003. – Originaltitel: Bob Dylan leksikon

Marcus, Greil, Invisible Republic : Bob Dylan’s Basement Tapes. – New York : H. Holt & Co, 1997

Marcus, Greil, Like a Rolling Stone : Bob Dylan at the Crossroads. – London : Faber & Faber, 2006

Margotin, Philippe & Jean-Michel Guesdon, Bob Dylan : la totale : les 492 chansons expliquées. – Vanves : Chêne, 2015

Marshall, Lee, Bob Dylan : The Never Ending Star. – Cambridge : Polity, 2007

Medcalf, Lawrence Donald, The Rhetoric of Bob Dylan, 19631966 ; Thesis. – Indiana University, 1978

Myhr, Petter Fiskum, Bob Dylan : jeg er en annan. – Oslo : Historie & Kultur, 2011

Refractions of Bob Dylan : Cultural Appropriations of an American Icon / edited by Eugen Banauch. – Manchester : Manchester University Press, 2015

Rem, Håvard, Bob Dylan. – Oslo : Gyldendal, 1999

Ricks, Christopher B., Dylan’s Visions of Sin. – London : Viking, 2003

Santelli, Robert, The Bob Dylan Scrapbook : 19561966. – New York : Simon & Schuster, 2005

Scaduto, Anthony, Bob Dylan. – New York : Grosset & Dunlap, 1971

Schmidt, Mathias R., Bob Dylans message songs der Sechziger Jahre und die anglo-amerikanische Tradition des sozialkritischen Liedes ; Thesis. – Frankfurt am Main : P. Lang, 1982

Scobie, Stephen, Alias Bob Dylan. – Red Deer, Alta. : Red Deer College Press, 1991

Scobie, Stephen, Alias Bob Dylan revisited. – Calgary : Red Deer Press, 2003

Shelton, Robert, No Direction Home : The Life and Music of Bob Dylan. – New York : Beech Tree, 1986 ; revised edition: Milwaukee : Backbeat, 2011

Snow, Craig R., Folksinger and Beat Poet : The Prophetic Vision of Bob Dylan ; Thesis. – Purdue University, 1987

Sounes, Howard, Down the Highway : The Life of Bob Dylan.– New York : Grove Press, 2001 ; updated edition 2011
Sounes, Howard, Dylan, Dylan, Dylan : biografin / översättning av Hans Björkegren. – Stockholm : Norstedt, 2001. – Orig. titel: Down the Highway :The Life of Bob Dylan

Spitz, Bob, Dylan : A Biography. – New York : McGraw-Hill, 1989

Tang, Jesper, Bob Dylan smiler!.– København : Borgen, 1972

Taylor, Jeff & Israelson, Chad, The Political World of Bob Dylan : Freedom and Justice, Power and Sin. – New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2015

Trager, Oliver, Keys to the Rain : The Definitive Bob Dylan Encyclopedia. – New York : Billboard, 2004

Wilentz, Sean, Bob Dylan in America. – New York : Doubleday, 2010

Williams, Paul, Performing Artist : The Music of Bob Dylan. – Novato, Calif. : Underwood-Miller, 1990

Williams, Paul, Performing Artist 19601973 : The Early Years. – Novato, Calif. : Underwood-Miller, 1991

Williams, Paul, Performing Artist 19741986 : The Middle Years. – Novato, Calif. : Underwood-Miller, 1992

Williams, Paul, Performing Artist 19861990 & Beyond : Mind Out Of Time. – London : Omnibus, 2004

Wissolik, Richard David, McGrath, Scott & Colaianne, A. J., Bob Dylan’s Words :A Critical Dictionary and Commentary. – Greensburg, PA : Eadmer Press, 1994

Yaffe, David, Bob Dylan : Like a Complete Unknown. – London : Yale University Press, 2011

Video视频:Hart, Holmstrom share prize in economic sciences

By Xuefei Chen Axelsson

STOCKHOLM, Oct. 10(Greenpost)--Oliver Hart and Bengt Holmström shared the 2016 prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.

It was awarded by Sveriges Riksbank but given by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, said Goran Hansson, Secretary General of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

 

Filmed by Xuefei Chen Axelsson

今日头条:哈特和霍尔姆斯特罗姆分享2016纪念诺贝尔经济学奖

北欧绿色邮报网报道(记者陈雪霏)--瑞典皇家科学院10日中午宣布,哈佛大学教授奥利佛. 哈特和本特.霍尔姆斯特罗姆将分享获2016瑞典央行纪念诺贝尔经济学奖。他们的获奖理由是对契约理论的贡献。

dsc_3864瑞典皇家科学院秘书长约然.汉松说,今年的纪念诺贝尔经济学奖是关于契约理论的。他说,该奖项是1969年瑞典央行设立的,今年是第48个奖。然后他用瑞典语和英语分别宣布:

“瑞典皇家科学院决定把2016年纪念阿尔佛雷德.诺贝尓经济学奖授予奥利佛.哈特和本特.霍尔姆斯特罗姆,获奖理由是他们对契约理论的贡献!”

websitephoto-2

图片来源于哈特网站。http://scholar.harvard.edu/hart/home

汉松接着介绍说,哈特于1948年出生于英国,1974年在普林斯顿大学获得博士学位,后在哈佛大学担任经济管理学教授。

霍尔姆斯特罗姆于1949年出生于芬兰首都赫尔辛基,1978年在美国斯坦福大学获得博士学位。后在麻省理工学院任教授。

今年的诺贝尔奖得主发展了契约理论,在契约设计,例如根据绩效给高管付工资,如何将公共部门私有化等方面的契约设计。

1970年代,霍尔姆斯特罗姆展示了公司股东应该如何为高管设计合同,要详细准确地规定工资与绩效挂钩。

1980年代,哈特对合同理论的新分支即解决不完善合同做出了重大贡献。

通过他们的贡献,哈特和诺尔姆斯特罗姆的合同理论其实为基础研究提供了富饶的研究领域。他们在过去几十年里,探索了很多应用。

他们对最优化的合同安排为设计政策和机构,从破产到政治机构都打下了智利基础。

dsc_3871瑞典皇家科学院纪念阿尔佛雷德诺贝尔经济奖评奖委员会委员彼得.佛雷德里克松在接受北欧绿色邮报网记者采访时说,两位诺奖得主的研究为未来研究打开一片广阔天地,例如,什么样的公司应该被并购?如何适度合并债务和股份融资?什么时候学校货监狱这样的机构必须私有化或者公有化?

因为和诺贝尔奖一起发布和颁奖,所以人们也叫该奖诺贝尔经济学奖,但奖金是瑞典央行发给的,一般奖金数量也和诺贝尔奖一样。该奖是1969年由瑞典央行设立的。诺贝尔奖是1901年开始颁发的。

今年的奖金是800万克朗,93万美元,600多万人民币。诺奖颁奖仪式将在12月10日在斯德哥尔摩举行。诺贝尔和平奖将在奥斯陆举行。

dsc_3855霍尔姆斯特罗姆通过电话连线回答了一些记者的提问。他说,他自己从来没想过能获得诺贝尔纪念奖,不过,他倒听说过其他同行谈过,他对获奖还是感到很惊讶的。他当然是很高兴获奖。

dsc_3851出席发布会的还有纪念诺贝尔经济学奖委员会主席佩尔.斯特罗姆贝尔。

 

图文/陈雪霏

Hart and Holmström share 2016 Nobel Prize in Economic Science

By Xuefei Chen Axelsson

STOCKHOLM, Oct. 10(Greenpost)– Oliver Hart and Bengt Holmström   will equally share 2016 Sveriges Riksbank’s Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel for their contribution in  contract theories, announced Göran Hasson, Secretary General of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

dsc_3864“The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2016 to Oliver Hart and Bengt Holmström  “for their contributions to contract theory”.

Society’s many contractual relationships include those between shareholders and top executive management, an insurance company and car owners, or a public authority and its suppliers.

As such relationships typically entail conflicts of interest, contracts must be properly designed to ensure that the parties take mutually beneficial decisions. This year’s laureates have developed contract theory, a comprehensive framework for analysing many diverse issues in contractual design, like performance-based pay for top executives, deductibles and co-pays in insurance, and the privatisation of public-sector activities.

In the late 1970s, Bengt Holmström demonstrated how a principal (e.g., a company’s shareholders) should design an optimal contract for an agent (the company’s CEO), whose action is partly unobserved by the principal. Holmström’s informativeness principle stated precisely how this contract should link the agent’s pay to performance-relevant information. Using the basic principal-agent model, he showed how the optimal contract carefully weighs risks against incentives. In later work, Holmström generalised these results to more realistic settings, namely: when employees are not only rewarded with pay, but also with potential promotion; when agents expend effort on many tasks, while principals observe only some dimensions of performance; and when individual members of a team can free-ride on the efforts of others.

In the mid-1980s, Oliver Hart made fundamental contributions to a new branch of contract theory that deals with the important case of incomplete contracts. Because it is impossible for a contract to specify every eventuality, this branch of the theory spells out optimal allocations of control rights: which party to the contract should be entitled to make decisions in which circumstances? Hart’s findings on incomplete contracts have shed new light on the ownership and control of businesses and have had a vast impact on several fields of economics, as well as political science and law. His research provides us with new theoretical tools for studying questions such as which kinds of companies should merge, the proper mix of debt and equity financing, and when institutions such as schools or prisons ought to be privately or publicly owned.

Through their initial contributions, Hart and Holmström launched contract theory as a fertile field of basic research. Over the last few decades, they have also explored many of its applications. Their analysis of optimal contractual arrangements lays an intellectual foundation for designing policies and institutions in many areas, from bankruptcy legislation to political constitutions.

websitephoto-2Oliver Hart, born 1948 in London, UK. Ph.D. 1974 from Princeton University, NJ, USA. Andrew E. Furer Professor of Economics at Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
http://scholar.harvard.edu/hart/home

Bengt Holmström, born 1949 in Helsinki, Finland. Ph.D. 1978 from Stanford University, CA, USA. Paul A. Samuelson Professor of Economics, and Professor of Economics and Management at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
http://economics.mit.edu/faculty/bengt

dsc_3871In an interview with Green Post, Professor and member of the committee in the Prize in Economic Sciences in memory of Alfred Nobel, Peter Fredriksson said this year’s Nobel Laureates opened a fertile field for basic research such as ownership in privatization of public sector and many other areas.

Commenting on the location of the Nobel Laureates, Professor Fredriksson said the laureates actually born in Europe and were raised in Europe, but later they were attracted to America, in a way it shows that America has created an environment that  can attract outstanding scientists.

 

耿莹一行与安德烈侄女会谈

北欧绿色邮报网报道(记者陈雪霏)--新中国首任驻瑞典大使耿飚的女儿耿莹一行7日在斯德哥尔摩与中国的义人安德烈(Andrea Andreen)医生的侄女马格纳.安德烈.萨荷思(Magna Andreen Sachs)举行了会谈。

dsc_3686耿莹说,这是我第一次来瑞典,这里曾经是我父亲工作过的地方,60多年过去了,我想代他走访一下帮助过他的瑞典老朋友。第二个是因为我一直在做文化遗产的保护和抢救工作,这次到瑞典来,想考察一下,看以后是否能进行更有深度的文化交流。另外,在交流的过程中,我希望我们能够相互认知,相互学习,加深我们的友谊。今天能见到你感到非常的激动,也非常高兴,首先我想代表我的父亲对您的姑姑表示非常感谢.

她说,在那个年代,新中国刚成立不久,我父亲是个将军,被派来担任首任大使。那时候发生了朝鲜战争,中国叫抗美援朝。在朝鲜战争中,美国打细菌战。在那种情况下,因为中国刚刚成立,中国人的话不被人信任,也不被人认可。在这种情况下,我父亲找到了你的姑姑。安德烈女士不愧为是科学家。科学家讲究的是真实,讲究真相,能够用科学的方法讲事实。作为科学家,她不单是说了真话,而且揭露了真相,同时,她保卫了和平。由于他们的调查,在调查中发现,朝鲜当地的农民也受到影响,得了鼠疫,另外我们的战士,也有在卫生院里因为细菌感染了病,所以,科学家的调查挽救了解放军,说了真话,我相信世界人民都相信,安德烈做了一件对世界都非常有益的和平举动。她支持了中国的正义,我也替我父亲在此感谢她。另一个是这次能见到你,和你交谈,就是想让你知道,中华民族是一个知道感恩的民族。所以,时隔60年,我们依然记得这件事情,这也是我们表达感谢的方式。

dsc_3704安德烈.萨荷思女士是卡罗林斯卡医学院的高级顾问。她于去年和另一个堂妹一起合写了一本书名字叫《为了生命的缘故--安德雷亚.安德烈》(Andrea Andreen),讲述了安德烈的一生。其中有一章讲述了她在1953年和其他五名科学家一起到朝鲜战场上去检查是否美国军队使用细菌战,回来后写了很多报道并积极宣传和平。

听了耿莹的真诚感谢,萨荷思女士说,我真希望安德烈能在这里亲耳听到这些话。

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耿莹向萨荷思女士赠送一幅自己做的画儿。     陈雪霏拍摄    

她说,其实,他们总共有六名科学家一起去的。她回到瑞典以后,用瑞典语写了报道,几乎在北欧国家巡回演讲了一年时间,讲述他们在朝鲜战场上发现的生化细菌战。她在老年的时候,回忆起她写报道之后曾经被人攻击说她没有那么渊博的知识,禁止她再在媒体发表任何言论。她说那段时间是她最难受的时候。但是,她说她坚信自己是正确的,所以,她要继续坚持自己的观点。

她的一对儿女都已经过事,她的孙子孙女也似乎对祖母的伟大并不了解。她们似乎是受媒体宣传的影响很大。但当我们把书写完以后,他们也打电话来表示感谢。

她说,瑞中协会1974年和瑞典韩国文化协会写过详细报道。

据网上资料,安德烈的第一任丈夫是1926年诺贝尔化学奖得主。

耿莹说,事后也听我父亲讲过,他说,周恩来总理作了很多工作,就是因为瑞典有些媒体对安德烈的调查报告的真实性质疑,有些党派也对她进行了打压,我们給瑞典写过两封信,一封是給瑞典国王,说安德烈女士的做法挽救了世界和平,反对细菌战,这是位非常伟大的女性,所以,总理也做过两次工作。我父亲心里也很着急。当时在那种情况下,有的媒体说我父亲“赤化”了你姑姑,因此,我父亲也感觉对安德烈女士有些内疚。

萨荷思女士说,我不相信我姑姑能被“赤化”。但是,关于后来的信,我从来没有听说过。我希望收到信的人应该告诉我姑姑。但是,我不知道也从来没听她说起过这件事。但是,现在听到这些真的感到很温暖。

耿莹说,谢谢,在那个年代,因为新中国刚刚成立,要做的事情也特别多,另外美国又发动了朝鲜战争,因为朝鲜跟中国是一江之隔,所以毛泽东决定出兵朝鲜,但是,当时实际上中国还没全部解放。当时,我们又没有武器,又没有钱,又穷,所以,我们说话人家不相信,安德烈女士做了一个正义的举动,讲出了真相。避免了一场细菌战的危害。

dsc_3753萨荷思说,我知道,我姑姑对中医非常感兴趣,她晚年的时候说过,学过一点儿中医,感觉非常有趣,她对中医非常着迷。听说您以前也学过中医。

耿莹说,我是中医学院毕业的。中国人选择了与自然同在。 所以中国人选择的路与西方的不同,中国人有5000年历史,有13亿中国人。我们就是靠中草药和一根银针。听说你在卡罗林斯卡工作作为顾问。我想将来我们可以在中医方面合作,你们可以派学生学习中医。

dsc_3760基金会执行会长耿净说,这次访问本身就是一个还原历史的过程。今后想在绘画方面进行具体的交流。

最后双方也讨论了如何深入进行文化交流,同意将来要进行更深入的交流。

据维基百科信息,安德烈1888年7月11日生,1972年4月20日去世。1909年-1915年与思维德贝结婚,有一女一子。思维德贝于1926年获得诺贝尔化学奖。1933年安德烈获得博士学位,1926年曾到哈佛医学院学习半年。1946-1964年间,她是瑞典妇女左翼协会会长,我们妇女杂志的负责人。1952年她访问中国,1953年去朝鲜调查细菌战问题。回来后她获得斯大林和平奖。此前,她也多次访问苏联。思维德贝后来又结三次婚,有十个孩子。安德烈也在1937-1942年再婚一次。安德烈曾在卡罗林斯卡医学院学习,在瑞典几个医院当过医生,属于瑞典首批女医生之一。同时积极从事促进世界和平的社会活动。

图文/陈雪霏

中国华夏文化遗产基金会创会会长耿莹一行拜访布利克斯

北欧绿色邮报网报道(记者陈雪霏)--正在瑞典访问的新中国首任驻瑞典大使耿飚的长女,中国华夏文化遗产基金会创会会长耿莹7日拜访了瑞典前外交部长,前国际原子能机构总干事,前联合国伊拉克核查小组组长汉斯.布利克斯夫妇。

dsc_3423在大家落座之前,布利克斯向耿莹介绍了他与耿莹的父亲,前国务院副总理耿飚的交往,历史以照片为证。那是1979年5月,耿飚率团访问瑞典时,他们一起共进午餐。

dsc_9777期间,布利克斯的大儿子正在外面踢足球,当时,也受到了耿飚的接见。当年的小男孩,如今已经在政府部门担任要职。中间的是瑞典时任首相费尔丁。左二为布利克斯。右为耿飚。

dsc_9776

1979年5月耿飚再次访问瑞典,布利克斯和他共进午餐

得知耿莹是个画家,布利克斯先生说他也是个艺术爱好者,不但爱好各种地毯,客厅里的墙上都是瑞典知名画家的画,有来自北部拉普兰地区反应萨米少数民族的画,也有反应墨西哥妇女的画,凸显布利克斯先生对不同文化的喜爱。同时他也坚决主张男女平等。布利克斯介绍说,他的夫人爱娃曾经是瑞典驻北极理事会的大使。已经81岁,但还时不时到北部和徒友们一起徒步。

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布利克斯对远道而来的客人表示热烈欢迎。前一天晚上亲手制作蛋糕甜点,虽然已经88岁高龄,依然自己动手操持一切家务。

dsc_3444宾主落座以后,耿莹说,她这次来访有两个目的,一个是遵从父亲生前的嘱托,对她父亲的老朋友进行访问和感谢,另一个目的呢,耿莹幽默地说,“我先带来一个小分队,先探探路,看看如何能够进行更深入的文化交流。”

dsc_3568她说,中国由于各种历史原因,无论是对传统文化还是对自然环境都有所破坏,急需修复和保护。这也是文化遗产基金会的愿景和使命。

布利克斯说,我对您的观点非常赞赏。在我看来,人类对自然环境的影响太大,造成的气候变化已经对人类的生存与发展构成严重威胁,因此,人类必需积极行动,减少对环境和气候的影响。多年来,他一直关注教育,尤其是对女童的教育,因为如果女童受到良好的教育,那么,人口的增长率会自然下降,人口迅速增长对环境的压力就会减小。布利克斯还表达了他的一些观点,那就是他积极支持核能的和平利用,他支持中国和平利用核能,但一定注意精益求精,不能出事故。另一方面,无论发生什么,底线就是保持和平。和平解决一切争端,即使是他最担心的朝鲜半岛问题,他也希望中国,美国,俄罗斯,日本和韩国要确保地区和平,积极和谈。即使是南海问题,他也希望保持和平,不希望有任何战争。他列举叙利亚的例子,战争造成生灵涂炭,瑞典不得不接收很多难民。

dsc_3579耿莹说,中国是一个爱好和平的国家,中国决心要和平崛起。关于南海问题,中国的态度是坚决的,南海历来属于中国。但是,南海有关国家应该坐下来,协商解决问题,共同开发。

她说,中国有13亿人口,有5000多年的文明史,中国就是靠中草药和一根针活下来了。所以,中医中药和文化交流都可以促进和平。

布利克斯先生说,多年来,他一直关注中国的发展,看到中国人民的生活水平不断提高,他感到由衷的高兴。能和老朋友的家人在家里见面更让他感到非常高兴。文化就是软实力,几个世纪以前中国的文化就在世界上很有影响力,那时的中国瓷器,茶叶都在世界上非常有影响力的。

耿莹说,她以前是学过中医的,后来作画,也经过商。现在希望能够促进中瑞文化交流。

 

dsc_3585耿莹一行中午参观了最近刚刚揭牌的斯德哥尔摩中国文化中心和使馆文化处,为今后的文化交流做准备。文化参赞浦正东接待了耿莹一行。

dsc_3617原来使馆文化处就是耿飚大使1950年担任首任大使时工作和生活的地方。

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站在曾经在照片里看到过的壁炉旁和孙子照一张相留念。

dsc_3641

耿莹坐在父亲曾经住的地方。            陈雪霏拍摄

dsc_3666

站在壁炉前,坐在当年父亲住过的地方,耿莹心情很激动,感慨万千。出来时,她还顺手捡起一些落在地上的红叶,仿佛了了一个心愿,念叨着如果再去祭吊父亲的时候,可以告诉他,她来过这里了。红叶为证,青山依旧在。

dsc_3661

President Santos wins 2016 Nobel Peace Prize

By Xuefei Chen Axelsson

STOCKHOLM, Oct. 7(Greenpost)–Kaci Kullmann Five, Chair of the Norwegian Nobel Committee said on Friday that Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos has won the Nobel Peace Prize for 2016.

“The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 2016 to Colombian President Juan Manuel Santos for his resolute efforts to bring the country’s more than 50-year-long civil war to an end, a war that has cost the lives of at least 220 000 Colombians and displaced close to six million people.”

She said that the award should also be seen as a tribute to the Colombian people who, despite great hardships and abuses, have not given up hope of a just peace, and to all the parties who have contributed to the peace process. This tribute is paid, not least, to the representatives of the countless victims of the civil war.

“President Santos initiated the negotiations that culminated in the peace accord between the Colombian government and the FARC guerrillas, and he has consistently sought to move the peace process forward.”

Well knowing that the accord was controversial, he was instrumental in ensuring that Colombian voters were able to voice their opinion concerning the peace accord in a referendum. The outcome of the vote was not what President Santos wanted: a narrow majority of the over 13 million Colombians who cast their ballots said no to the accord. This result has created great uncertainty as to the future of Colombia. There is a real danger that the peace process will come to a halt and that civil war will flare up again. This makes it even more important that the parties, headed by President Santos and FARC guerrilla leader Rodrigo Londoño, continue to respect the ceasefire.

The fact that a majority of the voters said no to the peace accord does not necessarily mean that the peace process is dead. The referendum was not a vote for or against peace. What the “No” side rejected was not the desire for peace, but a specific peace agreement. The Norwegian Nobel Committee emphasizes the importance of the fact that President Santos is now inviting all parties to participate in a broad-based national dialogue aimed at advancing the peace process. Even those who opposed the peace accord have welcomed such a dialogue. The Nobel Committee hopes that all parties will take their share of responsibility and participate constructively in the upcoming peace talks.

Striking a balance between the need for national reconciliation and ensuring justice for the victims will be a particularly difficult challenge. There are no simple answers to how this should be accomplished. An important feature of the Colombian peace process so far has been the participation of representatives of civil war victims. Witnessing the courage and will of the victims’ representatives to testify about atrocities, and to confront the perpetrators from every side of the conflict, has made a profound impression.

She said by awarding this year’s Peace Prize to President Juan Manuel Santos, the Norwegian Nobel Committee wishes to encourage all those who are striving to achieve peace, reconciliation and justice in Colombia.

“The president himself has made it clear that he will continue to work for peace right up until his very last day in office. The Committee hopes that the Peace Prize will give him strength to succeed in this demanding task. Furthermore, it is the Committee’s hope that in the years to come the Colombian people will reap the fruits of the ongoing peace and reconciliation process. Only then will the country be able to address effectively major challenges such as poverty, social injustice and drug-related crime.”

The civil war in Colombia is one of the longest civil wars in modern times and the sole remaining armed conflict in the Americas. It is the Norwegian Nobel Committee’s firm belief that President Santos, despite the “No” majority vote in the referendum, has brought the bloody conflict significantly closer to a peaceful solution, and that much of the groundwork has been laid for both the verifiable disarmament of the FARC guerrillas and a historic process of national fraternity and reconciliation. His endeavors to promote peace thus fulfil the criteria and spirit of Alfred Nobel’s will.

Again the Nobel Peace prize is given to a current president hoping the prize will be hopeful to help the president to achieve long lasting peace in the country.

Santos was born in 1951 and he assumed office as president on 2010.  He made a deal with the Farc rebels in September.  For that he was awarded but the deal was against by a referendum in the country. The Nobel committee hopes this peace prize will help the country to avoid another civil war which haunted the country for over 50 years.

The awarding ceremony will be held on Dec. 10th in the City Hall in Oslo. The economic prize in memory of Alfred Nobel and the Nobel Prize in Literature will be held next Monday and Thursday respectively.

 

瑞典安全与发展政策研究院中国中心成立并研讨

北欧绿色邮报网报道(记者陈雪霏)--瑞典安全与发展政策研究院10月3日正式发起斯德哥尔摩中国中心并组织召开有关一带一路问题的研讨会。

dsc_3225会议讨论了一带一路战略,也讨论了中日关系,中韩关系,日韩关系和朝鲜半岛关系。

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出席研讨会的有安全与发展政策研究院院长Svanström,前任瑞典驻日本大使和韩国的中国问题研究专家,中国中心主任Songbon.

dsc_3223

dsc_3207研讨会由汉学家罗多弼教授主持。

诺贝尔文学奖宣布时间13号

北欧绿色邮报网报道(记者陈雪霏)--原以为诺贝尔化学奖宣布之后自然是文学奖,但到目前为止,诺贝尔网站并没有给出确切时间。

据当地媒体报道,文学奖的宣布时间有可能是13日星期四。

一般出现这种情况时可能是因为诺奖评为对获奖者的分歧较大。

2012年中国作家莫言获得诺贝尔文学奖成为中国本土首位作家获得诺贝尔奖。2015年是白俄罗斯女作家阿列克谢耶维奇获得诺贝尔文学奖。

 

Nobel Laureates in Chemistry said Chemistry is very interesting

By Xuefei Chen Axelsson

STOCKHOLM, Oct. 5(Greenpost)–Nobel Laureate Fraser Stoddart said that’s what driven him through chemistry, its wonderful ability to express yourself in an artisitic form.

 

J. Fraser Stoddart’s wife died twelve years ago so he first shared the news with his two daughters.

He said he was shocked and his students were overwhelmed. He felt glad that Sauvage and Feringa won the prize together with him.

Feringa said he will use the money for further research because it was the cooperation of many researchers.

BF: Ja, of course. If you look at the cells in our body or the functioning of the organism, it is flabbergasting.  It is fantastic to see how this intricate machinery works. And when I’m taking about motors, as we focus on motors, if you look at the essential functions in the cell, like cell division, like transport, like making your muscles move, bacteria that go to food or [unclear …] it’s all controlled by molecular motors, and so the biological motors, and the biological machinery, is so crucial to all these functions. And of course we get great inspiration from that, while we as chemists are extremely good in building all kinds of materials, and that is what intrigued me. And there is where we look at mother nature, but of course we have to build it more or less from scratch because many of the systems that mother nature uses we cannot use in our nanomachinery, because they are soft materials that are not very stable that only function properly in the complex cell environment etc. So that is the reason that we build these machines. And compare it to a flying machine. We don’t build a Boeing after a pigeon. A pigeon flies perfectly, the bird flies, ja, but the Boeing is not the same materials, it has not the same flying principle, but it works perfectly to transport 3-400 people across the ocean.

AS: That’s perfect. And people often make the comparison with Lego. They say you’re building with the tiniest Lego.

BF: Absolutely. So we use molecules as a kind of Lego kit, ja. And so we have access to this unlimited number of molecules and we use them to build the new materials, the drugs of the future, and in this case also the nanomachinery and the smart materials of the future. And yes, I feel often, and me and my students and the team, and I’m sure that it’s the same for the other teams of Stoddart and Sauvage, we feel sometimes like kids playing with these molecules and seeing what are the possibilities to build, like with Lego. As a kid you had fun to build new kinds of castles, and that is actually what we are doing. And then hopefully, and this is our main goal of course, to build in all kinds of new functions. And in this case the function of transport, motion, machinery.

AS: That’s a fantastic, inspirational message for the next generation of scientists. Just go out there and express yourself and have fun.

Source, Nobel website.

 

Video: Top story: Sauvage, Stoddart and Feringa share 2016 Nobel Prize in Chemistry

By Xuefei Chen Axelsson

STOCKHOLM, Oct. 5(Greenpost)– The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016 has been awarded to Jean-Pierre Sauvage, Sir J Fraser Stoddart and Bernard Feringa for their design and production of molucular machines, announced Göran Hasson, Secretary General Of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm on Wednesday.

“The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2016 to

Jean-Pierre Sauvage,
University of Strasbourg, France

Sir J. Fraser Stoddart
Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

and Bernard L. Feringa
University of Groningen, the Netherlands

“for the design and synthesis of molecular machines” “.

thumb_dsc_3337_1024Professor Sara Snogerup Linse,  Chairman of the Nobel Committee for Chemistry said  they developed the world’s smallest machines.

They have developed molecules with controllable movements, which can perform a task when energy is added.

 

According to the Nobel Committee, the development of computing demonstrates how the miniaturisation of technology can lead to a revolution. The 2016 Nobel Laureates in Chemistry have miniaturised machines and taken chemistry to a new dimension.

The first step towards a molecular machine was taken by Jean-Pierre Sauvage in 1983, when he succeeded in linking two ring-shaped molecules together to form a chain, called a catenane. Normally, molecules are joined by strong covalent bonds in which the atoms share electrons, but in the chain they were instead linked by a freer mechanical bond. For a machine to be able to perform a task it must consist of parts that can move relative to each other. The two interlocked rings fulfilled exactly this requirement.

The second step was taken by Fraser Stoddart in 1991, when he developed a rotaxane. He threaded a molecular ring onto a thin molecular axle and demonstrated that the ring was able to move along the axle. Among his developments based on rotaxanes are a molecular lift, a molecular muscle and a molecule-based computer chip.

Bernard Feringa was the first person to develop a molecular motor; in 1999 he got a molecular rotor blade to spin continually in the same direction. Using molecular motors, he has rotated a glass cylinder that is 10,000 times bigger than the motor and also designed a nanocar.

2016’s Nobel Laureates in Chemistry have taken molecular systems out of equilibrium’s stalemate and into energyfilled states in which their movements can be controlled. In terms of development, the molecular motor is at the same stage as the electric motor was in the 1830s, when scientists displayed various spinning cranks and wheels, unaware that they would lead to electric trains, washing machines, fans and food processors. Molecular machines will most likely be used in the development of things such as new materials, sensors and energy storage systems.

Jean-Pierre Sauvage, born 1944 in Paris, France. Ph.D. 1971 from the University of Strasbourg, France. Professor Emeritus at the University of Strasbourg and Director of Research Emeritus at the National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS), France.

https://isis.unistra.fr/laboratory-of-inorganic-chemistry-jean-pierre-sauvage

Sir J. Fraser Stoddart, born 1942 in Edinburgh, UK. Ph.D. 1966 from  Edinburgh University, UK. Board of Trustees Professor of Chemistry at Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.

http://stoddart.northwestern.edu

Bernard L. Feringa, born 1951 in Barger-Compascuum, the Netherlands. Ph.D.1978 from the University of Groningen, the Netherlands. Professor in Organic Chemistry at the University of Groningen, the Netherlands.

www.benferinga.com

The three laureates will equally share the 8 million Swedish krona prize.

The prize awarding time will be on December 10. Tomorrow the Nobel Prize in Literature will be announced.