Category Archives: News

中央要求新建小区不要建围墙意在解决城市病

北欧绿色邮报网 评论员 陈雪霏

中国中央政府21日发出重磅消息说不但“新建住宅要推广街区制,原则上不再建设封闭住宅小区”, 还要求“已建成的住宅小区和单位大院要逐步打开。”

一时间,引发国内大讨论。有很多人似乎持反对意见,给人的感觉是不赞成这样的政策。

笔者以为,中央的意图是好的。因为中国的城市化进程很快。中国过去都是一个大院一个大院地建设,每个单位都是一个大院。以至于现在那些出生在大院儿里的人都有无比的自豪感,因为某个胡同,某个大院儿,都不仅仅是大院和胡同,更主要的是那里的人,代表了一个社会阶层。

从城市规划的角度来说,城市有它的城市病,如果解决不好,就是整天塞车,心里也跟着堵。其中有些原因就是围墙多,封闭性小区多。如果能四通八达,或许能让车更通畅一些。

据笔者在国外生活的10多年的体会就是国外建筑都是临街的。象斯德哥尔摩,所有的楼都是直接临街。都比较开放。这也是显示一种开放的心态。

中国人可能是受四合院的思维影响,从小我们就必须有四面围起来的墙,有门,总是有防贼的心态。

贼的出现是因为流动人口太多,贫富不均。如果大家生活水平相对差不多,就不会有太多偷盗。另外对于偷盗行为也要进行严格执法。

人们抵制拆围墙,让我想起抵制北京垃圾焚烧。在瑞典垃圾全部焚烧。除非是有机垃圾用于生产沼气,否则都是焚烧以后提供集体小区供暖。

而在北京老百姓居然散步,集会,不同意建焚烧场。请问垃圾绕着北京城堆着难道能好吗?

对于一些新事物,新方法也应该给予尝试的机会。或许先从一些地方试验一下,多做思想工作。

小区围墙拆不拆,也不能单凭中央一个文件,而是要根据中央文件,再和小区人商量,看怎么做更合理。规划的时候要规划的尽量合理,考虑到相关的所有利益方。

另外这里也希望读者多参与讨论,可以留言,发表意见。欢迎!

杨老师说他感到生活很幸福

北欧绿色邮报网杂文      作者 陈雪霏

我高中时的语文老师,也是我们八四级文科班的班主任杨老师今年78岁了。元月31日,家里新装了电脑。2月6日,孙子用第一个月的工资为他买了智能手机,孙女教他上网上微信。因此,杨老师可以在依依凌河柳的群里向大家问好。

杨老师说他感到很新奇。我心想,明天我要教杨老师视频。他肯定也要哈哈大笑。果然,第二天,我发个短信说,杨老师,您等着,我一会儿和您视频。然后,我试了一下,结果,说对方忙。我放弃。

不到一分钟,对方果然打过来,过几秒,我们真的通过视频,看到了对方,我们哈哈大笑!是的,这真的很神奇!

我告诉杨老师,视频可以让人无论在哪里都能很快拉近距离。我们都很感慨。杨老师说,有30年没见面了。因为我们都是1984年高中毕业的。现在已经32年了。但是,我们中间在沈阳见过一面,那时,我们几个同学都在辽宁大学,老师去沈阳出差,我们见了一面。当时,老师督促我该谈对象了。他也许还记得在高中时他说,“就是不许你们谈恋爱。”

杨老师对我们很严厉。但是,他也非常关心我们。该鼓励的时候也经常鼓励。我说,老师您对我的鼓励,让我一辈子受益匪浅。您鼓励我胆子大,一定有出息。我觉得这对我真是太大的鼓励了。

杨老师说,那都是不经意间随意说的话。但他不知道对于学生来说,那句不经意的话却异常重要。

那时候,大家都一心一意攻关高考。还记得考试当天,老师问我带没带手表,我说没有,老师把他的手表摘下来,借我带上。也许这也帮助我顺利通过了考试。

高兴之余,我让爱人过来,向杨老师问声好。我说,明年去看老师和凌海的同学们。

杨老师也一回手,指着一张大大的结婚照说,“这是我和你师娘去年照的,我们50年金婚纪念。” 师娘打扮的象新娘,老师打扮的象新郎。50年后的婚纱照!真的太喜庆了!真心为老师高兴!

老师说,看看旁边有我题的一幅对联:

上联是:长相知 知心知意知冷暖,

下联是:永作伴 伴读伴耕伴春秋。

老师解释说:所谓伴读是师娘伴老师读书,所谓伴耕是老师伴师娘耕田,师娘也伴老师舌耕即教书。

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高中时,我们都觉得杨老师有点像鲁迅呢!

说起来,我说,我这个学生走仕途不行,没有成功,于是就过自己的小日子了。老师没有怪我。不过,我心中的伟人有三个:一个是毛泽东,主要是因为他说学习的敌人是自我的满足,要想真正学点儿东西,必须从不自满开始。第二个人是鲁迅,可能是因为鲁迅说话一针见血,和老师一样,同时,主要是觉得他的语言简练,犀利。这和我自己啰哩啰嗦唠家常一样的语言形成鲜明的对比。但老师说,鲁迅也有他的问题。我没等老师展开他的问题就抢着说,我认为他最大的问题是没有保养好自己,英年早逝,也是一种缺憾,就像乔布斯,发明了苹果手机,改变了当今世界,但是,他自己却50多岁就去世了。他们很伟大,但相比之下,我认为张学良将军却有另一种长处,就是恬淡地生活,把一切荣辱置之度外。这一点,杨老师认同,他认为张学良是把一切都看开了。因此,活了100岁。

高中时我们学的是:人生自古谁无死,留取丹心照汗青。我心目中的一位古代英雄是岳飞,岳飞39岁被人陷害至死。年轻时,我心想即使是被人陷害,也不能不忠诚,即使被严刑拷打也不能当叛徒。

但是,随着年龄和阅历的增长,我认为我们应该尊重生命,人世间的一切都没有生命更值得尊重。即使是一些意识形态的观念让我们形成一种固化的思维,但是,也不应该比生命本身更重要。莫言认为,如果没有生命,一切都没有意义。因此,我说,“好死不如赖活着”,逗得师娘在那边也笑起来。

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杨老师在父亲92岁时为他照的照片。

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杨老师为老父的题词。

于是,杨老师谈起老父亲。他老父亲92岁的时候,依然天天读书。杨老师给他拍了一张照片,而且也题了词:

“得瓜种豆勤耕地,有米期茶好读书”。

老爷子因为好读书,所以,等到孙子结婚之后,97岁,驾鹤西去。没什么病,就是老了。这位老人和同龄人比依然属于高寿。而其中高寿的秘诀就在于读书。

老师说,老人家种豆得瓜,收获很大。老师本人教书育人,桃李满天下,也是遍地开花。

提起学生,杨老师自然是非常高兴,因为他不但有84级的学生,还有89级,96级等很多年级的学生。

杨老师退休以后,选择了回农村过田园生活,远离尘嚣。他的田园生活可以从诗中反映出来。而杨老师说的“我感觉很幸福”,也是真心话。

一幅对联描写的是杨老师的居舍面貌。

上联为:水到门前吟三弄,

下联为:榆荫屋后颂九如。

我问九如是什么意思,老师说,诗经中的一首诗中对人的德行和长寿的祝愿有九个比喻,如山,如阜…..共九个如。想想我的古文必须要补课啊!

杨老师的日常生活,描述他牧鹅的情景如下:

仗藜牧鹅,熹微轻敷门前河。

水上伉俪,交颈梳羽缠绵意。

柳岸闻莺,踏露悄行逐倩影,

唤我早餐,么孙旗语挥汗衫。

这样一幅田园风光,一来让我想起英语的一个词Idylic是指英美的田园风光。二来让我想起自己小时候放鸭子到河里去或者晚上赶鸭子回家的情景。

最近读了一篇关于贵族的尖锐文章。文章认为,中国的屈原是贵族。陶渊明也是贵族。杨老师现在就象陶渊明,这就是贵族。因此,不要说我们没有贵族,或者说消灭了贵族。

下面是杨老师自己写的退休后的生活片断:

退休后,在离开讲坛十六个春秋的这一年,即凌海一高中1989屆文班学生毕业二十六年的2015年,这一年的8月1日,这个班级的学生们听说我已全身退出“历史舞台”而迁居乡下事耕,远离繁华,远离尘嚣,回归自然,默默走完人生最后一程的消息,便聚集近五十名同学,前来探望。

其场面之恢宏,情绪之热烈令我所居住的新立屯村民临街簇拥,动容惊叹,啧啧称羡。

事后,小院里,师生伦理之花香彌漫,郁郁不散;离合聚散之詩情涌动,渐进澎湃。不经意间《丑奴儿》的词律从舌间跳出,却又装载不下盛情,只好增字赋得《增字丑奴儿》三闋。

三三五五拥门进。‘进见先生’,‘进见先生’。

鹅儿引吭《齐天乐》,架悬葫芦《醉太平》。

前来问侯‘老师好’。好不失声,好不失声。

期期艾艾长相视,执手嘘唏唤错名。

都说聚散寻常事。事必躬行,事必躬行。

合则一炬燃情火,散是颗颗耀眼星。

人活百岁贵闻道。道重传承,道重传承。

不屑诋毁育良种,遍地嘉禾遍地青。

得失宠辱扪心问。问个始终,问个始终。

做人底线常示警,不愧天良守初衷。

天若有情天亦老。老态龙锺,老态龙锺。

从容度日清贫叟,捧着童心走全程。

学生们都来了,三五成群地簇拥着撞门进院。呼着‘拜见老师,拜见先生’。我饲养的白鹅高兴得引吭高歌《齐天乐》,架上的葫芦沉醉于这清平盛世的绵长康宁之中,在吟咏元曲《醉太平》。学生们依次前来问侯,这声声‘老师好’令我噤声失态,期期艾艾,结结巴巴地立在学生面前长相对视,牵手哽咽叫错了姓名。

人们都说悲欢离合寻常事。而事事都要亲身经历才有感悟,眼前这场相聚便是一炬燃情的火把,事后的分开我分明看到了我的学生个个都是耀眼的明星。人活百岁是以闻道为珍贵,‘朝闻道,夕死可矣’是人生追求的最高境界。闻道后重在传承,当年不屑轻蔑嘲讽,诋毁攻讦来培育良种,尽我为师传道之天职,今天,我看到了遍地‘嘉禾’,遍地葱茏,沐春风,兆年丰。

对得失宠辱可曾扪心叩问过?问,就问它个底掉,问它个始终。问过了,真的一问到底了,那么做人的底线便亮了红灯为我示警。由此,我不愧良心而操守初衷。上苍假若有情的话必定衰老,以情理为支撑的人的生命必有大限。我老了,老得踮脚摇晃。日薄西山,灯盏里的燃油亦不多矣。可我还从容度日。你们的老师,就是这个从容度日清贫叟,捧着童心走完他的人生旅程。

2016年1月31日,装了电脑。这还是我的门生们硬是从传统文化的角落里将我拉出来,推上现代文明的快车道。我想,从此我的心境将宽敞明亮得不见旮旯,我的视野将辽远清晰得没有盲区,和我的学生们的脉搏一起跳动,共振共鸣,休戚与共。这‘毋庸远行,不必久等’的交流,多了迅捷地情理交融,少了不眠之夜的望月思念。

说一说各自的家庭和事业,谈一谈各自另一半的大智慧和小幽默,聊一聊各自子女的求学和就业,讲一讲各自的酸甜苦辣,道一道各自的喜怒哀乐。

我收到的是我的学生们的真心、真诚、真情;你们收受的是我的热忱、热爱、热望。

真热啊!

2月6日大年前一天,孙子带着他的第一月薪水回家过年,见我电脑安装已妥,打开电脑看到我‘一指弹’弹出的文字,便送我一部智能手机。

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以上是杨老师的日志。

从轰轰烈烈的新闻班战场上下来以后,我也星星点点地读了《四书》剪辑,其中有两段孔老夫子的《中庸》让我有新的认识。一段的大意是,子女不一定都要去当大官儿,如果他能在家孝顺父母,在外能做好工作谋生,就可以了,这就是一个很好的公民。

另一段话是过犹不及。孔子说,中庸并不是平庸,不是很容易达到的。达不到,不好,过了,也不好,因此,过了和不及是一样的,唯有中庸是最合适的。而很多人都不能做到最合适,他们或者不够,或者过了,因此,要想达到中庸并不容易,那也是最高境界。

 

 

 

 

北朝鲜决心核实验的意图令人担忧

北欧绿色邮报网报道(记者陈雪霏)--瑞典安全与发展政策研究所主任尼古拉.斯万斯特罗姆19日在斯德哥尔摩研究所举办的“朝鲜核试验之后的进退维谷”研讨会上表示,尽管北朝鲜核实验并没有被国际社会认为成功,但是,重要的是它的意图。

DSC_7210 北朝鲜的行为是不顾国际社会的抗议和反对,一意孤行。这种态度和行动改变了亚洲的战略格局。它将导致南朝鲜和美国更加密切。这使东亚战略格局发生改变。它使南朝鲜被迫加强军事装备。它对中国也产生非常负面的影响。

“这使我们看到地区紧张。很多人都想请中国对朝鲜施压,但是,要给朝鲜多大压力?不给压力,中国没面子,给压力,应该给多大压力也是个问题,这样也没面子,所以,中国无论怎么做,都不容易。”

他说,人们需要孤立朝鲜,要给它压力和惩罚。因为北朝鲜的意图就不对。因为有谣传北朝鲜可能向缅甸提供核技术。

他认为,目前,维持现状是各方的一种姿态,或者说,不知道该怎么办。

对于地区安全来说,这是一种尴尬,另一种担心是核扩散。他说,有人认为北朝鲜领导人年轻鲁莽,愚蠢不懂事,但他不这么认为。他认为,北朝鲜领导人是有计划有预谋的,并非象人们想象的那样。他认为,北朝鲜领导人是冒着一定的代价在试探国际社会的反映。

DSC_7204桑布.李是北大毕业的韩国研究员。他说,本次核试验表明,其核技术有所进步。朝鲜的核试验从2006年开始,是每隔三四年一次,是有计划的。第四次氢弹试验比上一次使用的材料多了一倍。朝鲜向国际社会的要价越来越高。

李认为,金正恩需要一些内部宣传,向民众显示自己有实力,有核武。因为朝鲜要在五月份举行党的代表大会,决定领导人的去留。

李说,北朝鲜的经济也在发生一些积极的变化,劳务输出,部分私有化,更多外援等。

李说,南朝鲜应该发挥更大的作用,要主动和北朝鲜谈判,等到一定程度再进行六方会谈。

南朝鲜驻瑞典公使表示,国际社会必须下定决心,质问北朝鲜,他们接受的那么多援助都用到哪里去了?难道都用到核试验方面了吗?

DSC_7199大约30为专家学者和各国使节前来出席本次研讨会。本次研讨会是由瑞典安全与发展政策研究所理事会主席创始人之一罗杰.思万松主持的。

North Korea and the Nuclear Dilema

By Xuefei Chen Axelsson

STOCKHOLM, Feb. 19(Greenpost)–North Korea’s fourth nuclear test on Jan. 6, together with its ostensible satellite launch on February 7, reflects Pyongyang’s intentions to disregard international censure of its nuclear ambitions.

A seminar on North Korea and its nuclear dilemma was organized by Institute for Security and Development Policy in Stockholm on Friday.

The main speakers are Dr. Niklas Swanström, director of the ISDP and Dr. Sangsoo Lee, a research fellow with the Asia Program and Project Manager of the China and Korea Projects. Lee graduated from Peking University.

Dr. Sangsoo Lee said he there are four changes concerning nuclear issue. Even though it was not a powerful test, there is some progress in North Korean’s technology.  North Korea focuses more in technology aspect, rather than to show the strengths.

The range is wider now.  He said it seemed to him that North Korea didn’t care about international sanctions, it only wants to be succeed in becoming a nuclear power.  North Korea demands more and more from the international community.

Dr. Niklas Swanström held that North Korea has played well his card of demanding more from the international community. The biggest loser is China because it puts China in a dilemma.

“Everybody demands China put pressure on North Korea believing in that if China tells North Korea stop, it will stop. But the case is not like that. China is in a difficult situation. If they agree to put sanctions to North Korea, to what extend? If not, then a new race of nuclear development will begin, ”

Dr. Lee calls for talks between North Korea and South Korea to calm down the situation.

Dr. Swanström held that North Korea should be sanctioned so that it won’t get material for further nuclear test.

About 30 people attended the seminar.

头条要闻:第二届瑞典中国可持续设计研讨会在斯德哥尔摩举行

北欧绿色邮报网报道(记者陈雪霏)--以“从乡村到城市并再次回归”为主题的第二届瑞典中国可持续设计研讨会18日在瑞典皇家理工学院KTH举行。DSC_7017 中国驻瑞典大使馆商务参赞韩晓东出席研讨会并致词。他说,瑞典是最早同中国建交的西方国家。去年是中瑞建交65周年。中瑞两国的经贸关系得到了长足发展,从50年代的双边贸易额在300万美元,到去年底达13.5亿美元。双向投资稳步发展。中国到瑞典投资的大企业有国航,五矿,华为等。瑞典在设计方面很强,象今天这样的可持续设计研讨会是个非常好的机会,双方可以深入探讨,互相交流。

DSC_7031瑞典工业与创新部总干事及欧盟与国际事务秘书处秘书长托马斯.达尔曼也出席了研讨会并致词。他说,正如韩参所讲,瑞中关系确实发展得非常好。去年庆祝瑞中建交65周年期间,双方签署了多项合作协议。

他强调,瑞典在木业方面发展非常突出,无论是在标准制定,还是设计方面,质量方面都在世界处于领先地位,双边在这个领域可以有很大合作潜力。

DSC_7042主办方瑞中可持续设计协会创始人和执行主任Sofia何介绍说,瑞中可持续设计协会创立于2014年。瑞中可持续设计研讨会每年一届,主要目的是为了促进中瑞两国在设计,建筑,城乡规划和社会创新等领域的交流与发展,为两国企业创造共同的商业合作机会。

“在中国乡村建设和小城镇建设的热潮中,我们希望能够把瑞典的资源,经验,人才与中国的需求结合起来,希望今年有所突破。” 她说。

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首先发言的专家也是画家和设计师孙君,他也是中国新农村建设的先锋人物和意见领袖,“把农村建设得更象农村”的理念倡导者,北京绿十字及中国乡建院联合创始人。

孙君穿黄花毛衣,带深红色围脖,他说这里体现的是中国文化。

孙君主要讲述的是中国文化。中国文化和社会是以家庭为主体的。每个家庭都有个家谱,每个家庭都有自己的道德规范,在传统的中国农村,人们的宗教体现在人们的衣食住行当中,尽管中国没有教堂,但是,人们在日常生活中履行着自己的宗教。

DSC_7098但是,过于强调经济发展,环境和社会的发展受到影响,人们的精神生活也受到极大的不良影响。孙君给的一幅图画显示,三位妇女打麻将,有一位发高烧,一位打着吊瓶,还在玩儿,真是不可思议。

孙君说,经济解决今天的问题,科技解决明天的问题,教育解决后天的问题,但是信仰是解决永远的问题。

DSC_7160孙君说他们的理念是把农村建设得更象农村,和农民一起建设新农村。这种思路和西方的让所有有关人员都能参与的思路相似,艺术家到农村去设计建设,和瑞典的把艺术融入城市建筑中的思路也很相似。

DSC_7092他说,经过三年的精心设计和建设,山还是原来的山,水还是原来的水,人还是原来的人,但是,整个山村的面貌却发生了很大变化。这里的茶树山不用农药,他指导农民不要用农药,等虫子长大一点儿,鸟自然来吃虫子,这样,自然生态就形成了。

DSC_7143建筑师王蔚也是“四亩田”主持建筑师,中国乡村规划建筑项目的践行者。她就现代建筑和乡村规划进行了中西比较。

DSC_7105瑞典著名设计公司SWECO设计师伍尔夫.朗哈根(Ulf.Ranhagen)讲述了他参与的在中国的五个项目,其中包括曹妃甸的项目和与万科的合作项目,最成功的是上海郊区的罗甸小镇的建筑设计,非常成功。关于曹妃甸的项目,他希望有关部门应该继续跟踪关注,继续投资。

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DSC_7176瑞典的Ekologigruppen的联合创始人赛恩布(Krister Sernbo)讲述了城市及乡村发展的可持续理念和生态系统服务。

瑞中绿色科技联盟理事会主席,瑞典恩瓦克(ENVAC)垃圾抽吸技术公司副董事长托恩布隆(Jonas Törnblom)介绍了瑞中两国在环保和能源等科技领域的合作现状和前景。

DSC_7195 研讨会上,瑞中可持续设计协会首次颁发设计成就奖。中国艺术家和北京绿十字创始人孙君获得这个奖项。

Sofia何在颁发这个奖的时候说,主要是奖励孙君16年来在中国农村坚持不懈地工作和取得的成就。

另外,参加研讨会的还有瑞典木建筑理事会总监鲁登思塔姆(Susanne Rudenstam), 中国木业保护协会秘书长党文杰,中国建筑学会的宋微建,瑞典建筑师协会的约翰松(Lars Johansson)等100来人,其中包括来自中国的25人。

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本次研讨会由瑞典建筑协会政策研究员Pehr-Mikeal Sällström主持。瑞中可持续设计协会主办,并得到中国驻瑞典大使馆, 瑞典驻华大 使馆和瑞典对外文化交流委员会等多家单位的支持与合作。

图文/陈雪霏

图片新闻Photo:Nordic Furniture and Light Exhibition concludes

北欧绿色邮报网报道(记者陈雪霏)--一年一度为期五天的北欧家居灯具展13日在斯德哥尔摩落下帷幕。请欣赏北欧设计的魅力。

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精美的造型

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最欣赏这款。希望能挂在自己家里。

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芬兰公司也来这里参展。他表示,来这里参展见到了20多个国家的同行。

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大理石音响真是让人耳目一新啊!

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Hamsten resigns as chancellor of Karolinska Institute

By Xuefei Chen Axelsson

STOCKHOLM, Feb. 13(Greenpost)–Anders  Hamsten, Vice Chancellor of Karolinska Institute announced on Friday that he would resign due to the Italian visiting professor Macchiarini’s case.

“I failed to see the warning signs. Confidence in me as Vice-Chancellor of KI has been impaired both among the public, the research community and KI’s staff and students. It will be difficult for me to continue to act as Vice-Chancellor of Sweden’s most successful university with credibility and effectiveness. For that reason I am resigning my post, “Anders Hamsten writes.

imagesk1Hamsten’s resignation came after SVT series investigation report on Macchiarini’s experiment of plastic windpipe applied in human being causing deaths of the patients.

This was seen as a strong” earthquake “for Karolinska Institute because late last week Urban Lendahl resigned.

Swedish mainstream newspaper Daily News or DN published a series of debate articles criticising him of knowing the facts, but not doing the intervention earlier.  The other article criticised Karolinska Institute of mixing Nobel Prize in Medicine and academic research, saying the control of professorship was not academic. In other words relationship with the leadership played an important role.

The articles also pointed out that the responsibilities of Karolinska Institute and the Karolinska Institute hospital are somewhat confusing.

After these two articles published, Hamsten decided to resign “because KI has received new information which gives a modified picture of the charges of irregularity against Paolo Macchiarini. ”

He has already decided that an external investigation will be conducted and former president of Swedish Administration Court of Appeal was appointed to do the job.

On Feb. 7  genetics professor Urban Lendahl, who sat on two prestigious Nobel groups, announced his resignation from those positions after it became clear he may be involved in an external investigation regarding the once-prominent surgeon Paolo Macchiarini, according to Swedish Radio.

On Saturday, Lendahl decided to step down as secretary general of the Nobel Assembly and the Nobel Committee in Physiology or Medicine at Stockholm’s Karolinska Institute.

The Karolinska Institute University Board said it launched an external investigation into the hiring and work of Macchiarini who is a visiting professor at the facility.

Macchiarini had performed experimental transplants involving plastic windpipes coated with the patient’s stem cells and has been accused by several colleagues of overstating his outcomes and the effectiveness of the procedures.

Last  Friday, Macchiarini was notified by the Institute’s vice chancellor that his contract would not be extended.

Lendahl has not be accused of any wrongdoing but thought it best to step aside while the investigation was ongoing.

“As professor Lendahl anticipates that he may be involved in this investigation, he resigns from his position as Secretary General out of respect for the integrity of the Nobel Prize work,” read a news release from the professor Rune Toftgård, chairman of the Nobel Assembly.

The assembly is an independent body of 50 professors from the Karolinska Institute which awards the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.

Hamsten published his resignation in the DN debate.

The following is the whole text.

The ”Macchiarini affair” or the ”KI scandal” has substantially shaken confidence in medical research in general and in Karolinska Institutet in particular during the last few weeks. I have had reason to scrutinise both my actions and the decisions I have made concerning the investigation into research irregularities that was the starting point for the media storm which has been raging for the last couple of weeks.

Because of the attention in the media, KI has received new information which definitely gives a modified picture of the charges of irregularity against Paolo Macchiarini. My conclusion is that KI’s investigation into Paolo Macchiarini’s scientific misconduct has to be reopened. Against this backdrop it seems very likely that my decision in this case was wrong.

During the last few days it has become obvious that the information possessed by KI when the matter was investigated was not complete. Last Wednesday we were given a new impression of the period following the operation in Iceland on his first patient, whose case is the basis of some of Macchiarini’s articles. During the last few days KI has also received information that implies serious inaccuracies in an article describing trials with artificial tracheae in rats. This information was totally new for KI. We are now endeavouring to investigate this information thoroughly and arrange an independent examination. But there is much to indicate that the judgement reached by KI last summer should be amended to scientific misconduct, which in plain language means research fraud.

In hindsight I can conclude that I should have looked for these probable inaccuracies during the review that led to the decision KI made on the matter of misconduct in August 2015. We should quite simply have been more thorough. As Vice-Chancellor of KI I am ultimately responsible for this.

Bosse Lindquist has made an important documentary series which pinpoints a number of important questions and reveals misjudgements at Karolinska Institutet. Today I can see that I completely misjudged Paolo Macchiarini and that he and KI should have gone their separate ways far earlier. It was in all probability wrong to employ him in 2010, just over two years before I was appointed Vice-Chancellor.

KI failed to see the warning signs early enough and did not pay enough attention to the warnings that came from doctors working close to Paolo Macchiarini. Nor was KI critical enough of the method of using artificial tracheae that Macchiarini adopted. Many have said that I, as Vice Chancellor, together with the management of Karolinska University Hospital should have acted to draw these warnings to the attention of the research project Paolo Macchiarini was conducting in Russia. With the benefit of hindsight I can of course see that we should have done so. At the same time, one has to remember that the clinical study Macchiarini conducted in Krasnodar was undertaken with permission from the Russian authorities and that, according to information available to KI, there was ethical approval for each single patient. What form these approvals took and what the medical status of the patients was before the operations is known only by those who took part in the study. Patient confidentiality, obviously, also exists in Russia.

In the recent discussion Karolinska Institutet has also been criticised for a culture of self-sufficiency, unhealthy elitism and prestige thinking. This may be true, I don’t know. What is, however, true is that we have high ambitions in our endeavour to use research and education to improve people’s health and at the same time contribute to medical breakthroughs and innovation in the field of life sciences which will benefit the whole of society in Sweden.

Tens of thousands of extraordinarily capable and dedicated employees who have had nothing at all to do with this unfortunate story work at KI and Karolinska University Hospital. All these loyal and dedicated employees deserve our gratitude, support and encouragement.

It is obvious that the picture many people have of KI as a self-sufficient elite university is alarming. Now we must ransack ourselves and get to the bottom of the question of whether an unhealthy academic culture prevails here. KI is reviewing the routines concerning recruitment and employment as well as our control mechanisms. We must introduce and take care of international researchers in a better way. And we must be more explicit with our employees about the ethical framework that is in place for their actions in Sweden as well as abroad. KI will actively encourage dialogue and discussions about values so that they are always inherent in our work.

The fact that Karolinska Institutet’s reputation has been tarnished by the ”Macchiarini affair” is extremely serious and is something for which I am obviously responsible. KI’s board has initiated an investigation into KI’s handling of Paolo Macchiarini from recruitment onwards and, not least, my actions in the misconduct investigation. A similar external investigation of Karolinska University Hospital’s role is being undertaken. This is excellent, as the two autonomous investigations will provide answers about direct errors that have been committed and what can be learned from them.

I am aware that confidence in me as Vice-Chancellor of KI has been impaired, both in the public, the research community and many of KI’s employees and students. The chorus of voices raised to demand my resignation is so multifarious and strident that I realise it will be difficult for me to continue working as Vice Chancellor of Sweden’s most successful university with credibility and effectiveness. That is why I am resigning my position.

http://www.dn.se/debatt/i-am-resigning-my-position-as-vice-chancellor-of-karolinska-institutet/

http://ki.se/en/news/anders-hamsten-steps-down-as-vice-chancellor-of-karolinska-institutet

瑞典乌普萨拉大学是400年前在欧洲排名第11

北欧绿色邮报网报道(记者陈雪霏)--英国时代周刊教育版评比400年前欧洲的前25名大学,牛津大学排名第一,瑞典乌普萨拉大学排名第11,建于1477年.

keble据瑞典日报报道,今年是英国著名作家莎士比亚逝世400周年。虽然莎士比亚写了那么多惊世之作,但他实际上没怎么上过学,或者根本没上过大学,全是自学成才,而且写的故事很多是关于他自己的生活。

那么,时代周刊的排名第二是剑桥大学,第三是爱丁堡大学,第四名是德国LMU大学,第五名是比利时大学,第六名是德国海德堡大学。

Botaniska_trädgården,_Uppsala_II第11名是乌普萨拉大学。第12名是哥本哈根大学。

瑞典大柳里奥地区领导来斯德哥尔摩招人

北欧绿色邮报网报道(记者陈雪霏)--瑞典最北部城市柳里奥地区五个城市的政府官员和开发区官员9日在斯德哥尔摩举行信息交流会,介绍柳里奥的发展情况。

IMG_0349 柳里奥商业区CEO马兹.恩格特介绍说,柳里奥是个相当有吸引力的地方。那里传统工业是钢铁和各种矿产,近年来,因为有柳里奥科技大学,科研有很大发展,IT产业发展尤其迅猛。脸书已经将它的计算机中心设在那里。因为温度低,所以,天然空调,节能减排。

恩格特说,因为矿产开发的扩展,很多建筑需要拆迁,在拆迁的过程中,有很多工作岗位,有很多资金投入,因此,我们希望人们回去,因为到那里有工作等着你。

“我们有13.7万人。我们有大量的资金投入,有大学,在数据中心发展非常迅速。今后十年,将有2000亿克朗投入,有两个矿城需要拆迁,因此,我们的地区是非常有吸引力的。我们是北方城市之都。在斯德哥尔摩有很多来自柳里奥的人在这工作,我们要向他们介绍我们的最新发展,然后,吸引他们回去。尽管我们那很冷,但是,冬天白雪皑皑,点亮我们的夜空。”

恩格特说,“我们那里气候冷,但是我们的人好,我们有很广阔的空间,很容易进入社会。我们欢迎新人来这里工作和生活。”

恩格特说,柳里奥与中国也有渊源,不但大学里的钢铁冶炼技术研究和中国有联系,而且,挪威的三文鱼要出口到中国一般也都经过柳里奥港口或飞机场。

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尼古拉.维克斯特罗姆就是一个柳里奥人,但曾在斯德哥尔摩工作。几年前,他得到柳里奥政府的支持,建立了自己的公司叫oh, my. 是个提供内容的网络公司。

图文/陈雪霏

瑞典电视台新闻调查引发卡罗林斯卡医学院领导层地震

北欧绿色邮报网报道(记者陈雪霏)--卡罗林斯卡医学院10日发布消息,大学董事会已经任命律师就“马基亚利尼案”进行外部调查。

任命“马基亚利尼案”外部调查员

卡罗林斯卡任命的外部调查员是前最高行政上诉法院院长,法官斯特恩.海克舍尔(Sten Hecksher)。73岁的海克舍尔曾经是斯德哥尔摩上诉行政法院院长,国家警察总署署长,瑞典产权和注册司司长,司法部副国务秘书和工业与就业部部长。他也曾经在斯德哥尔摩大学董事会担任9年主席的职务。

他也任命了两名助手协助调查。这两名助手分别是作家英格丽.卡尔贝和赫尔辛基大学生物化学教授卡尔.加姆贝。54岁的卡尔贝曾经在《每日新闻》当过20年的记者。她出版过好几本书,包括Pillret,一本关于药品工业的书。2008年出版。一本是《这有个房间等着你》是拉吾尔.瓦伦贝的自传, 2012年出版。她曾获得文学界最高奖奥古斯特奖和瑞典最受尊重的记者金锹奖。她是乌普萨拉大学医学荣誉博士,而且是广播委员会委员。

加姆贝73岁,是芬兰被引用最多的研究者之一,是受过训练的医生。他在美国工作过,依然是赫尔辛基加姆贝实验室搞研究的名誉教授。他曾有过几个国际任命,被授予过很多科学成就奖。他是瑞典皇家科学院海外院士。

诺奖大会秘书长伦达尔宣布辞职

马基亚利尼案始于瑞典电视台的三集新闻调查,讲述的是意大利访问教授保罗.马基亚利尼从2010年开始在卡罗林斯卡医学院进行科研,他研究的项目是合成喉管。由塑料材料制成的人工合成喉管代替真正的喉管,就像心脏移植一样,他实验植入人工合成喉管,使原来不能说话或者说话费劲的人能够说话。但手术以后,病人最长的活了两年半,有的很短时间就死了。根据电视调查报道,几乎所有做这个手术的患者都去世了。马基亚利尼不承认病人是因为这个手术而死亡的。

调查也显示他因为情况紧急,没有经过充分的动物实验,就直接进行了人的实验。过后,又进行了动物实验。

该调查一播出,卡罗林斯卡医学院立即宣布进行外部调查。他们对电视报道的评论是,有些细节并不知道。

此事引发地震。卡罗林斯卡诺奖大会的秘书长,伦达尔曾经同意马基亚利尼作为访问研究员来这里做研究。结果,8日他宣布辞职。

目前,卡罗林斯卡医学院院长哈姆斯坦得到董事会的信任,他表示继续履职并对此事进行外部调查。卡罗林斯卡关注的是是否他简历有造假,是否有诱骗或强迫患者做手术的情况等。

 

Karolinska Institute appoints investigators for “Macchiarini case”

STOCKHOLM, Feb. 10(Greenpost)–The Karolinska Institutet University Board (Konsistoriet) has appointed the lawyer who will be conducting the external investigation into KI’s handling of the “Macchiarini case”, according to a press release from KI.

The lawyer has appointed two others to assist him in his work.

The external investigator is the former president and justice of the Supreme Administrative Court of Sweden Sten Heckscher.

Heckscher is 73 years old, and has been president of the Administrative Court of Appeal in Stockholm, national police commissioner, general director of the Swedish Patent and Registration Office, under-secretary of state in the Ministry of Justice and minister of Industry and Employment. He also chaired the board of Stockholm University for nine years.

Sten Heckscher has appointed two people to assist him in the investigation. They are: Author Ingrid Carlberg and Professor Carl Gahmberg.

Carlberg is 54 years old and a former journalist of 20 years standing at Dagens Nyheter. She has published several books, including “Pillret” (an account of the pharmaceutical industry, 2008) and “Det står ett rum här och väntar på dig…” (a biography of Raoul Wallenberg, 2012). She has won the August Prize and the Guldspaden award, Sweden’s most respected journalism prize. She is an honorary doctor of medicine at Uppsala University, and has sat on the Broadcasting Commission.
Gahmberg is 73 years old and professor of biochemistry at Helsinki University. He is a trained doctor and one of Finland’s most cited researchers. He has worked in the USA and continues as emeritus professor to research at the Gahmberg Lab in Helsinki. He has held several international appointments and received many awards for scientific excellence. He is an overseas member of the Swedish Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences.

The investigative team will be furnished with whatever administrative resources are required, KI said.

According to Swedish TV series report, Paolo Macchiarini experimented on human being with his artificial plastic halspipe. He did  experiments but all of the patients died.

Macchiarini denied allegations claiming the patients died of other reasons.  But the report shows that he did human experiment first and then did it in animals.  This concerns ethics in research and also with whether he got permission to do what he did or not.

Karolinska institute’s Nobel Committee Secretary Lendal resigned two days ago after the case was set up.

KI also made a decision that Macchiarini’s contract will not be extended after it expires in November, 2016.

The SVT series documentary was broadcast on Jan. 28th and it is still online.

The investigative report caused an earthquake in KI, where the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine will be announced every year.

 

Midwifery should be recognized as a profession in South Asia

Stockholm, Feb. 9(Greenpost)–In several South Asian countries, midwifery is not an established profession.

As a result, complications in both mothers and newborns are extremely common. Sweden researchers is presenting a new strategy on how the midwifery profession can be established in low-income countries is presented, which could also improve the health of mothers and newborns. 

The goal of increased maternal survival is one of the UN’s Millennium Development Goals with the lowest degree of fulfillment.

An important strategy for improving maternal and child health is well-educated midwives. However, in many of the low-income countries, the profession does not even exist or competence is insufficient – something that contributes to complications and injuries to both the delivering mother and the newborn child.

Since 2007, doctoral candidate Malin Bogren has received different assignments in South Asia from the UN. In her thesis that is being presented at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, she has mapped the midwifery situation in Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Butan, India, Nepal and Pakistan – all countries with a high maternal mortality ratio.

In none of these countries does midwifery fulfill the criteria for being an independent profession. In Nepal, educated midwives as per international standards are entirely lacking.

“There, nurses conduct midwifery work without any formal competence,” says Malin Bogren.

Through questionnaires and individual interviews with key persons, observations at delivery wards and analyses of policy documents, Malin Bogren has formulated a strategy for supporting the establishment of a competent midwife profession in Nepal – a strategy that can also help with establishment in other developing countries.

“Midwifery in South Asia lacks national legislation that recognizes midwifery as an independent profession. The most important recommendations for improving the midwife profession in the studied countries are, therefore, legislative development and a comprehensive approach to strengthening the formal educational preparation for both midwifery students and midwifery teachers, which then raises the profession’s status,” Malin Bogren.

It is a long road, but according to Malin Bogren, not an impossible one. Different political interests and priorities, competing interest from the nursing profession and different opinions as to what academic level midwifery should be put at, are some of the barriers. But, to succeed requires a close and open collaboration and communication between the decision makers, civil society, academia and the donors.

“My thesis provides recommendations for different levels of decision makers, civil society, academia and donors. Hopefully, this information can help to establish midwifery as a profession in South Asia and thus improve and promote maternal and newborn health.” Bogren said.

 

Infants sleeps in their own beds to reduce the risk of sudden death

STOCKHOLM, Feb. 8(Greenpost)–A new doctoral thesis shows that potential to save more lives exists if infants sleeps alone in their backs and the pregnant mother does not smoke.

In the early 1990s, the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare went out with advice to new parents to reduce the number of children who die each year from SIDS. The advice stated that children sleep safest on their backs, that smoking during pregnancy is a risk factor, that children should not be kept too warm, that they should be able to move freely and that breastfeeding provided a certain amount of protection.

The preventative advice led to a sharp drop in the number of deaths from SIDS; from over a hundred children annually, to about twenty deaths per year in more recent years.

Risk and preventative factors have changed when the cases are fewer and have not been studied recently. In a new thesis at Sahlgrenska Academy, the University of Gothenburg, Per Möllborg, Child Health Medical Officer, has studied the different factors surrounding SIDS to enable further preventative work.

“The results show that more lives could potentially be saved if fewer babies slept on their stomachs or were placed on their sides, if fewer mothers smoked during pregnancy and if infants slept in their own beds in their parents’ bedroom during the first three months,” says Per Möllborg.

Children sleeping with their parents can be a risky situation during the first months. One of the thesis’ four studies examined co-sleeping. One out of five children slept with their parents at 6 months of age and it was even more common if the child was breastfed, had difficulty sleeping and woke often as well as if the mother was a single parent. If the child used a pacifier, co-sleeping was less common.

The thesis shows that current advice is relatively well followed, and that only one in 20 infants are laid down to sleep on their stomachs. Babies were more commonly sleeping on their stomachs if the mother was unemployed, smoked during pregnancy, if the child was irritable, shared a room with siblings or did not use a pacifier.

“This knowledge gives the Child Health Centers the opportunity to more precisely focus information and further reduce the number of babies placed on their stomachs,” says Per Möllborg.

One of the studies in the thesis showed that the risk of SIDS was greater if the parents did not live together, if the mother was young, had given birth to many children or if the baby was premature.

As sudden infant death syndrome has become less common, smoking has become a greater risk factor. Now, it is no longer more common for deaths during the winter months and the average age of sudden infant death has lowered from just under 3 months to 2 months, since introduction of the new advice in the early 1990s.

The research was done at Sahlgrenska Academy of Gothenburg University.